This review centers on ARDS as a clinical syndrome defined by severe respiratory distress, hypoxemia, bilateral infiltrates, and absence of clear elevated left atrial pressure. It also frames ARDS physiologically as alveolar-capillary barrier injury with protein-rich alveolar edema.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome
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The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Clinical PrinciplesSevere respiratory distress and 1 or more risk factors ... Impaired arterial oxygenation (hypoxemia) Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph No clinical evidence of elevated left atrial pressure
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ARDS is clinically characterized by severe respiratory distress with one or more risk factors, hypoxemia, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph, and no clinical evidence of elevated left atrial pressure.
Quoted textsource-backed
Severe respiratory distress and 1 or more risk factors (including infection, aspiration, pancreatitis, and trauma) Impaired arterial oxygenation (hypoxemia) Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph No clinical evidence of elevated left atrial pressure
Alveolar-capillary damage in ARDS can be initiated by physical or chemical injury or by extensive activation of innate inflammatory responses.
Quoted textsource-backed
Alveolar-capillary damage in ARDS can be initiated by physical or chemical injury or by extensive activation of innate inflammatory responses.
The cardinal feature of ARDS, refractory hypoxemia, is caused by protein-rich alveolar edema after damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier.
Quoted textsource-backed
The cardinal feature of ARDS, refractory hypoxemia, is caused by formation of protein-rich alveolar edema after damage to the integrity of the lung's alveolar-capillary barrier.
Infection, aspiration, pancreatitis, and trauma are listed as ARDS risk factors in the review's clinical principles.
Quoted textsource-backed
Severe respiratory distress and 1 or more risk factors (including infection, aspiration, pancreatitis, and trauma)