The principal neurons of the arousal and sleep circuits are comprised by glutamate and GABA neurons... regulate cortical activity and behavior across wake-sleep states.
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arousal and sleep circuits
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Both arousal and sleep circuit neurons are homeostatically regulated as a function of their activity in part through changes in receptors.
Arousal and sleep circuits are principally composed of glutamate and GABA neurons distributed within the reticular core of the brain that regulate cortical activity and behavior across wake-sleep states through local and distant projections and interactions.
Glutamate and GABA neurons in arousal and sleep circuits are heterogeneous in discharge profile and form distinct functional cell types that are maximally active during different wake, slow wave sleep, or REM sleep states.
Major pharmacological agents used to treat wake and sleep disorders act on GABA and neuromodulatory transmission.