First-pass extracted concept

B7-1/B7-2:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway

Candidate: concept label1 source documents3 linked claims

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Aliases

B7/CD28/CTLA-4 pathway

Extracted Explainers

What the tool is doing

This pathway is presented as the best characterized T-cell costimulatory pathway and a central regulator of activation, anergy, and tolerance.

Source 1DOI PubMed

What problem it solves

It explains how antigen recognition is integrated with a second signal to determine productive activation versus unresponsiveness.

Source 1DOI PubMed

Alternatives

The review contrasts this pathway with additional Ig-superfamily and TNFR/TNF-family costimulatory pathways.

Source 1DOI PubMed

Evidence Snippets

While the B7-1/B7-2:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is the best characterized T-cell costimulatory pathway

Evidence 1Source 1DOI PubMedprovenance

Supporting Sources

Source 1review2009Immunological ReviewsDOI PubMed

1 evidence snippet 3 linked claims Claim 1 Claim 2 Claim 3

Linked Claims

Claim 1mechanistic summarysupports2009Source 1DOI PubMed

CTLA-4 is an inhibitory receptor, and its biology established that second signals can be inhibitory as well as stimulatory in T-cell responses.

Claim 2mechanistic summarysupports2009Source 1DOI PubMed

PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibit T cells through distinct mechanisms, with PD-1 engagement blocking induction of PI3K activity whereas CTLA-4 does not.

Claim 3pathway role summarysupports2009Source 1DOI PubMed

The B7-1/B7-2:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is the best characterized T-cell costimulatory pathway and regulates activation, anergy, tolerance, and regulatory T-cell biology.