This review frames biomaterials as tools that both support bone structurally and modulate the osteoporotic bone microenvironment. The discussed functions include osteoconduction, osteoinduction, mechanical support, and controlled delivery.
First-pass extracted concept
biomaterials-based engineering of the bone microenvironment for osteoporosis therapy
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Integration of biomaterials with stem cells and extracellular vesicles is discussed for enhancing osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation.
Functionalized biomaterials are used for controlled delivery of drugs, growth factors such as BMP-2 and VEGF, and emerging gene or RNA therapies in osteoporosis-related bone repair.
Biomaterials explored for osteoporotic bone include natural and synthetic polymers, bioceramics, and metallic biomaterials and their alloys, tailored for osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and mechanical features.
Biomaterials can provide structural support and modulate the osteoporotic bone microenvironment.
Conventional pharmacological therapies for osteoporosis have systemic side effects and limited targeting efficiency, motivating innovative biomaterials-based strategies.