Cardiac optogenetics applies light-responsive genetic actuators to heart cells and tissues so they can be interrogated and controlled with light. The review frames it as an emerging extension of optogenetics from neuroscience into cardiac systems.
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cardiac optogenetics
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The year 2020 marks a decade of developments in cardiac optogenetics since this technology was adopted from neuroscience and applied to the heart.
we reviewed historical and recent literatures to demonstrate the scope of optogenetics for cardiovascular research and regenerative medicine and examined that cardiac optogenetics is vital in mimicking heart diseases, understanding the mechanisms of disease progression and also in introducing novel therapies to treat cardiac abnormalities, such as arrhythmias.
This review summarizes the main results, the different uses, and the prospective developments of cardiac optogenetics.
Here, we review the main breakthroughs employing optogenetics to perturb cardiac pathophysiology and attempt a comparison of methods and procedures that have employed optogenetics in the heart.
In this review, we focus on the application of optogenetics in the study of the heart... discuss the in vitro and in vivo applications of optogenetics for the study of electrophysiology of the different cardiac cell types, and for the dissection of cellular mechanisms underlying arrhythmias.
Title: Computational modeling of cardiac optogenetics: Methodology overview & review of findings from simulations
Only recently (since 2010), the field has extended to cardiac applications with less than a dozen publications to date.
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Optogenetics combines optical and genetic approaches for light-enabled sensing and actuation of cardiac electrical activity with high spatiotemporal resolution and parallelism.
Quoted textsource-backed
Optogenetics combines optical and molecular biology (genetic) approaches for light-enabled sensing and actuation of electrical activity with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution and parallelism.
Cardiac optogenetics has long-term prospective clinical applications including optical therapies for rhythm control.
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long-term (aspirational) prospects for clinical translation of cardiac optogenetics, including new optical therapies for rhythm control
Advances in cardiac optogenetics define near-term translational opportunities based on all-optical electrophysiology for high-throughput screening, cardiotoxicity testing, and personalized medicine assays.
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In this Review, we appraise a decade of advances that define near-term (immediate) translation based on all-optical electrophysiology, including high-throughput screening, cardiotoxicity testing and personalized medicine assays.
Cardiac optogenetics is described as useful for mimicking heart diseases, understanding disease progression mechanisms, and introducing therapies for cardiac abnormalities such as arrhythmias.
Cardiovascular optogenetics has made considerable progress in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies.
Translation of cardiac optogenetics is limited by scale-up needs, clinically relevant in vivo and in silico models, light attenuation, and concerns about opsin expression level, immune reactions, toxicity, and ectopic expression.
Rhodopsin-based optogenetics has been used in experimental cardiology to photoactivate cardiac contractions and to identify effective sites, timing, and location for defibrillating impulses that interrupt cardiac arrhythmias.
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Rhodopsin-based optogenetics has later been introduced in experimental cardiology studies and used as a tool to photoactivate cardiac contractions or to identify the sites, timing, and location most effective for defibrillating impulses to interrupt cardiac arrhythmias.
Cell-selective optogenetics and myocardial cell type targeted opsin expression in model organisms have begun to reveal novel and sometimes unexpected aspects of myocardial biology.
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The exploitation of cell-selectivity of optogenetics, and the generation of model organisms with myocardial cell type targeted expression of opsins has started to yield novel and sometimes unexpected notions on myocardial biology.
Optogenetics can control the electrical activity of excitable cells through interaction of light with light-gated ion channels.
Optical approaches offer numerous advantages for perturbing cardiac electrical activity, especially when the spatio-temporal qualities of light are exploited.
Cardiac optogenetics has been used less frequently than neuroscience applications but has produced main breakthroughs in perturbing cardiac pathophysiology.
Light-based defibrillation strategies are among the latest achievements in cardiac optogenetics.
The review covers in vitro and in vivo applications of cardiac optogenetics for studying electrophysiology of different cardiac cell types and dissecting cellular mechanisms underlying arrhythmias.
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Moving from the first proof-of-principle works, published in 2010, to the present time, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo applications of optogenetics for the study of electrophysiology of the different cardiac cell types, and for the dissection of cellular mechanisms underlying arrhythmias.
The review presents cardiac optogenetics as having therapeutic potential for treatment of heart rhythm disturbances including cardiac pacing and cardioversion.
Quoted textsource-backed
Finally, we confer about the therapeutic potential of such biotechnological strategy for the treatment of heart rhythm disturbances (e.g. cardiac pacing, cardioversion).
Optogenetics enables optical interrogation and control of biological function with high specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Optogenetics is an emerging technology for optical interrogation and control of biological function with high specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetic perturbation offers distinct advantages over traditional pharmacological or electrical perturbation methods.
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offering distinct advantages over traditional pharmacological or electrical means of perturbation
By 2013, cardiac optogenetics was an early-stage field with fewer than a dozen publications since its extension to cardiac applications around 2010.
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Only recently (since 2010), the field has extended to cardiac applications with less than a dozen publications to date.