In this review, we aim to describe new developments that bring together the far-distant worlds of transition-metal based catalysis and metal-based drugs, in what is termed "catalytic metallodrugs".
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catalytic metallodrugs
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Most metal-based drug candidates in clinical and developmental stages are stoichiometric agents that react only once with their biological target.
Stoichiometric metal complexes often undergo side reactions that reduce effective drug amount and may cause toxicity.
Catalytically active metal compounds may turn over many substrate molecules, so only small amounts may be required to achieve a desired pharmacologic effect.
Using catalytic rather than stoichiometric metal compounds may reduce toxicity and side reactions.
The review excludes reactions involving release or transformation of small molecules, degradation of proteins, RNA or DNA, and light-induced medicinal chemistry such as photodynamic therapy.
The review focuses on intracellular catalytic transformations performed on small biomolecules, non-natural molecules such as dyes, and biomacromolecules such as proteins.