The three considered modalities were... central neuromodulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, low-intensity focused ultrasound, and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation)...
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central neuromodulation
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Pharmacological treatments for pathological tremor show limited efficacy with up to 30% discontinuation rates, and deep brain stimulation is often unsuitable for some patients.
Heterogeneity in study design, patient populations, and technology maturity is a main obstacle to direct comparison of noninvasive tremor suppression techniques.
Central neuromodulation produced moderate effects for pathological tremor suppression.
The review categorizes noninvasive pathological tremor suppression approaches into force-controlling strategies, central neuromodulation, and peripheral neuromodulation.