First-pass extracted concept

Dynorphin

Candidate: concept label1 source documents5 linked claims

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Evidence Snippets

Hypocretin (orexin) and dynorphin are neuropeptides with opposing actions on motivated behavior.

Evidence 1Source 1DOI PubMedprovenance

Supporting Sources

Source 1primary paper2014Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDOI PubMed

1 evidence snippet 5 linked claims Claim 1 Claim 2 Claim 3

Linked Claims

Claim 1genetic or pharmacologic interactionsupports2014Source 1DOI PubMed

Concomitant disruption of dynorphin function reverses the behavioral changes caused by disruption of orexin function.

Quoted textsource-backed

Concomitant disruption of dynorphin function reverses these behavioral changes.

Claim 2mechanismsupports2014Source 1DOI PubMed

Orexin and dynorphin are packaged in the same synaptic vesicles within the hypothalamus.

Quoted textsource-backed

We show that, despite their opposing actions, these peptides are packaged in the same synaptic vesicles within the hypothalamus.

Claim 3mechanismsupports2014Source 1DOI PubMed

Orexin and dynorphin have opposing actions on the excitability of VTA dopamine neurons.

Quoted textsource-backed

We also show that orexin and dynorphin have opposing actions on excitability of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons.

Claim 4mechanistic modelsupports2014Source 1DOI PubMed

Orexin facilitates reward by occluding the reward-threshold-elevating effects of coreleased dynorphin and thereby acts permissively to facilitate reward.

Quoted textsource-backed

Our findings identify a unique cellular process by which orexin can occlude the reward threshold-elevating effects of coreleased dynorphin and thereby act in a permissive fashion to facilitate reward.

Claim 5pharmacologysupports2014Source 1DOI PubMed

Intra-VTA orexin antagonism decreases cocaine self-administration and lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation, and these decreases are reversed by dynorphin antagonism.

Quoted textsource-backed

intra-VTA orexin antagonism causes decreases in cocaine self-administration and LH self-stimulation that are reversed by dynorphin antagonism