The three considered modalities were force-controlling (orthoses and functional electrical stimulation)...
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force-controlling strategies
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Pharmacological treatments for pathological tremor show limited efficacy with up to 30% discontinuation rates, and deep brain stimulation is often unsuitable for some patients.
Heterogeneity in study design, patient populations, and technology maturity is a main obstacle to direct comparison of noninvasive tremor suppression techniques.
Force-controlling strategies showed promising acute effects but their clinical translation remains limited by poor wearability and muscle fatigue.
The review categorizes noninvasive pathological tremor suppression approaches into force-controlling strategies, central neuromodulation, and peripheral neuromodulation.