high-intensity focused ultrasound

This evolution has broadened access to surgical treatments for individuals with tremor and has provided both clinicians and patients with a wider range of therapeutic options. Consequently, selecting the most appropriate surgical treatment for an individual has arguably become more complex, relying on a combination of evidence base, personal, medical, social, and economic factors.

We examine the biophysical mechanisms underlying US-based therapies, the design of multifunctional nanoplatforms, and their applications in enhanced imaging, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and US-triggered drug delivery.

The noninvasiveness and relatively low cost of these outpatient methods are key attributes contributing to growing acceptance.

Currently, FUS has been clinically applied for targeted brain ablation (high intensity [HIFU]) and neuromodulation (low intensity [LIFU]), with recent basic science applications of sonogenetics and targeted drug delivery through the BBB (Precise Intracerebral Noninvasive Guided, or PING, Surgery) offering new opportunities for clinical translation.

while medications can be effective in mild cases, surgical interventions are often required in moderate-severe syndromes or when medication side-effects are unacceptable

These findings provide new insight into sacroiliitis pathophysiology and suggest prioritization of S3 in targeted interventional management.

All these modalities remain valuable tools for the clinicians and can be used to treat a variety of stereotactic targets with several targeting methods.

Across 243 sonications, 162 interruptions (66.7%) occurred due to pain. Interruptions were unevenly distributed: 81% occurred at S2 and S3, with S3 alone accounting for 42%.

For ablative therapies, 10 studies were identified, of which 2 were preclinical studies, 1 was a clinical proof-of-concept study, 3 were clinical case reports, 1 was a completed clinical pilot study, and 3 were ongoing Phase I-Phase II clinical trials.

Over decades, the field of functional neurosurgery has evolved from traditional radiofrequency ablation to deep brain stimulation, and more recently, to incisionless high frequency ultrasonic lesional techniques.

This educational review discusses the evidence behind, and surgical approaches to, essential tremor, Parkinson's disease tremor and dystonic tremor. Key topics addressed in the educational review include outcomes of different surgical treatments across tremor syndromes and stereotactic targets, waning benefit after surgical treatment, and optimization of patient selection with regards to high-intensity focused ultrasound and deep brain stimulation.

S2 also demonstrated greater sensitivity than L5 (p = 0.003) and S1 (p = 0.001).

S3 showed significantly more interruptions than L5 (p = 0.0022), S1 (p = 0.0150), S2 (p = 0.0055), and all other branches combined (p < 0.001; w = 0.58, large effect).

Subdivision analysis revealed uniformly high sensitivity across S3, whereas S1 and S2 displayed heterogeneous patterns.

Over the past decade, interest in lesion-based neuromodulation has experienced a resurgence fueled in large part by the noninvasive nature of new technologies, especially high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).