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ICOS

Candidate: concept label1 source documents7 linked claims
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Aliases

Inducible T cell costimulator

Extracted Explainers

What the tool is doing

ICOS is presented as a costimulatory receptor used here to characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in LUAD. The study evaluates ICOS-positive TIL density and subset-specific ICOS expression.

Source 1DOIPubMed

Resources required

The paper measures ICOS using immunohistochemistry, multiplex pseudocolored immunohistochemistry, and supporting single-cell RNA-seq analysis.

Source 1DOIPubMed

What problem it solves

It helps define immune context in LUAD by linking ICOS-positive infiltrates to T-cell subsets and tumor HLA expression.

Source 1DOIPubMed

What it does not solve

The abstract does not support ICOS as a standalone prognostic marker across all LUAD cases, since no overall prognostic impact was observed.

Source 1DOIPubMed

Alternatives

The study contrasts ICOS with other immune readouts including CD8, CD3+CD8-, FOXP3, HLA class I, and HLA-DR.

Source 1DOIPubMed

Evidence Snippets

Inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) is a CD28-family costimulatory receptor with bidirectional therapeutic effects on antitumor immunity.
Evidence 1Source 1DOIPubMedprovenance

Supporting Sources

Linked Claims

Claim 1associationsupports2026Source 1DOIPubMed

ICOS-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density was significantly higher in HLA-DR-strong tumors.

Quoted textsource-backed
ICOS+ TIL density was significantly higher in HLA-DR-strong tumors
Claim 2compositionsupports2026Source 1DOIPubMed

Because CD4-positive non-Tregs were numerically predominant, ICOS-positive CD4-positive non-Tregs constituted the largest ICOS-positive fraction in lung adenocarcinoma.

Quoted textsource-backed
Because CD4+ non-Tregs were numerically predominant, ICOS+CD4+ non-Tregs constituted the largest ICOS+ fraction.
Claim 3context dependent associationmixed2026Source 1DOIPubMed

Among HLA-DR-strong tumors, ICOS-high patients tended toward longer cancer-specific survival.

Quoted textsource-backed
among HLA-DR-strong tumors, ICOS-high patients tended toward longer cancer-specific survival
Claim 4correlationsupports2026Source 1DOIPubMed

In resected lung adenocarcinoma, ICOS-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density correlated with each measured T-cell subset density.

Quoted textsource-backed
ICOS+ TIL density correlated with each T cell subset.
Claim 5expression patternsupports2026Source 1DOIPubMed

Multiplex analysis showed that ICOS positivity was highest among Tregs, followed by CD4-positive non-Tregs and then CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Quoted textsource-backed
Multiplex analysis showed the highest ICOS positivity among Tregs, followed by CD4+ non-Tregs and CD8+ TILs.
Claim 6prognostic associationsupports2026Source 1DOIPubMed

ICOS had no overall prognostic impact in the full lung adenocarcinoma cohort.

Quoted textsource-backed
ICOS had no overall prognostic impact
Claim 7validationsupports2026Source 1DOIPubMed

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis corroborated the subset-specific ICOS expression findings from multiplex immunohistochemistry.

Quoted textsource-backed
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis corroborated these findings.