light-responsive receptors function as programmable interfaces between photonic control and cellular computation.
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light-responsive receptors
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Optogenetic receptor systems can be used to dissect dynamic signaling, manipulate neuromodulatory and immune circuits, and program cellular activities involved in development and tissue regeneration.
Nonviral delivery strategies, autologous cell engineering, de-immunized or humanized photoreceptor design, materials science, bioelectronics, and AI-guided protein engineering are proposed routes to improve translational performance and discovery of optimized photosensory-receptor pairings.
Key translational challenges for optogenetic receptors include immunogenicity of non-human photoreceptors, limited gene-delivery efficiency, and long-term biosafety concerns.