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metastasis suppressor proteins

Candidate: concept label1 source documents6 linked claims
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Extracted Explainers

What the tool is doing

This concept groups genes and proteins that specifically inhibit the formation of metastases. The review treats them as mechanistic entry points into the metastatic cascade and its regulation.

Source 1DOIPubMed

Resources required

Using this concept operationally requires in vivo metastasis assays and comparison against primary tumor growth effects, as described in the review.

Source 1DOIPubMed

What problem it solves

It separates metastasis-specific biology from general tumor growth, enabling more focused mechanistic and translational studies.

Source 1DOIPubMed

What it does not solve

It does not by itself identify a therapeutic tool or specify a single mechanism, because suppressors act through diverse pathways.

Source 1DOIPubMed

Alternatives

The review contrasts this concept with broader tumorigenicity or tumor suppressor frameworks that do not specifically isolate metastasis regulation.

Source 1DOIPubMed

Evidence Snippets

Identification of genes and proteins that specifically inhibit the ability of cells to form metastases (e.g., metastasis suppressors) is providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate this complex process.
Evidence 1Source 1DOIPubMedprovenance

Supporting Sources

Linked Claims

Claim 1classificationsupports2006Source 1DOIPubMed

The review groups metastasis suppressors into four signaling categories: cytoskeletal signaling, mitogenic pathways, stress-activated pathways, and survival pathways.

Quoted textsource-backed
Based on their known biochemical functions, we have divided the metastasis suppressors into four general signaling categories: cytoskeletal signaling, mitogenic pathways, stress-activated pathways, and survival pathways.
Claim 2definitionsupports2006Source 1DOIPubMed

Metastasis suppressors are genes or proteins that inhibit metastasis without significantly affecting primary tumor growth.

Quoted textsource-backed
These pioneering studies used an unbiased approach to identify such candidates by demonstrating that ectopic expression of the putative suppressor gene inhibited the development of spontaneous macroscopic metastases without significantly affecting primary tumor growth.
Claim 3historical summarysupports2006Source 1DOIPubMed

nm23 was the first metastasis suppressor gene and provided functional evidence that genes can specifically regulate metastasis.

Quoted textsource-backed
The identification of nm23, the first metastasis suppressor gene, provided functional evidence for the existence of genes that specifically regulate metastasis.
Claim 4mechanistic summarysupports2006Source 1DOIPubMed

Some metastasis suppressors inhibit metastatic colonization after dissemination and lodging at secondary sites rather than blocking primary tumor growth.

Quoted textsource-backed
In vivo studies showed that metastatic cancer cells which express ectopic KISS1, JNKK1/MKK4, MKK6, MKK7, TXNIP, nm23-H1, or SSeCKS proteins could successfully disseminate and lodge at secondary sites, but are suppressed in their ability to colonize (i.e., form overt metastases) target tissues.
Claim 5methodological principlesupports2006Source 1DOIPubMed

In vivo assays are required for identifying bona fide metastasis suppressor activity because in vitro assays are often too simple to model the full metastatic process and tissue-specific growth.

Quoted textsource-backed
The use of in vivo assays is required because in vitro assays are often of inadequate complexity to sufficiently model the entire process of metastasis. Furthermore, there are currently no in vitro models that allow the study of preferential growth within different target tissues.
Claim 6model summarysupports2006Source 1DOIPubMed

Current data support a model in which ectopic expression of metastasis suppressor proteins partially restores earlier endogenous signaling repertoires and thereby blocks metastasis formation.

Quoted textsource-backed
Current data supports a model in which ectopic expression of metastasis suppressor proteins may restore, at least in part, the endogenous signaling repertoire of earlier, more benign cellular generations, thereby blocking metastasis formation.