This review frames microscopy-based force measurement as a family of approaches that use optical microscopy to measure cell-applied forces or visualize force-induced deformations. The methods span biological scales from tissues to single proteins.
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microscopy-based force measurement techniques
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Access to advanced microscopy instrumentation and the expertise needed for data interpretation are major hurdles for applying these biomechanical microscopy techniques.
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gaining access to advanced microscopy instrumentation and the expertise necessary to extract meaningful insights from these techniques is an unavoidable hurdle
Recent advances in microscopy can enhance spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, and sample viability, and can improve sensitivity, duration, and speed when coupled to existing force measurement methods.
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Recent developments in advanced microscopy offer improved approaches to enhance spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, and sample viability. These advances can be coupled with already existing force measurement methods to improve sensitivity, duration and speed
Microscopy-based force measurement techniques are used to measure cell-applied forces, visualize deformations caused by external forces, and support optical perturbation in biomechanical studies.
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many force measurement techniques rely on optical microscopy to measure forces being applied by cells on their environment, to visualize specimen deformations due to external forces, or even to directly apply a physical perturbation to the sample via photoablation or optogenetic tools