The paper discusses the PD-1/PD-L1 axis as part of the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in LUAD metastases, especially in lymph node and liver metastases.
First-pass extracted concept
PD-1/PD-L1 axis
Candidate: concept label1 source documents6 linked claims
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PD-1/PD-L1 signaling, PD-L1
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Key biomarkers across LUAD metastatic sites include PD-L1, cytokine profiles, immune cell ratios, and metabolic markers.
Quoted textsource-backed
Key biomarkers across all types of metastases include PD-L1, cytokine profiles, immune cell ratios, and metabolic markers.
Brain metastases in LUAD display an immune-desert phenotype associated with blood-brain barrier constraints, reduced T-cell infiltration, and microglia-mediated immunosuppression.
Quoted textsource-backed
Brain metastases display an "immune desert" phenotype due to blood-brain barrier constraints, reduced T-cell infiltration, and microglia-mediated immunosuppression.
Liver metastases in LUAD show Kupffer cell-driven PD-L1/PD-1 axis suppression and elevated Treg infiltration.
Quoted textsource-backed
liver metastases show Kupffer cell-driven PD-L1/ programmed death 1(PD-1) axis suppression and elevated Treg infiltration.
Lung adenocarcinoma metastases to lymph node, brain, bone, and liver share immune suppression but show distinct tumor microenvironment heterogeneity that affects treatment efficacy and prognosis.
Quoted textsource-backed
Metastasis to these locations exhibits some common features, such as immune suppression, and distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity involving differentiation of immune cells, impacting treatment efficacy and prognosis.
Lymph node metastases in LUAD are characterized by immune suppression with exhausted CD8+ T cells, expanded Tregs, M2-polarized macrophages, and high PD-L1 expression.
Quoted textsource-backed
Lymph node metastases are characterized by immune suppression with exhausted CD8+ T cells, expanded regulated T cell (Tregs), M2-polarized macrophages, and high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression.
Therapeutic strategies for metastatic LUAD tumor microenvironments focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with metabolic modulators, localized drug delivery, and biomarker-guided approaches.
Quoted textsource-backed
Therapeutic strategies focus on combination therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with metabolic modulators, localized drug delivery, and biomarker-guided approaches.