Synthetic photoswitches are described as nanoscale actuators that alter channel function. The review organizes them into tethered ligands, freely diffusing ligands, and crosslinkers.
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synthetic photoswitches
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Combining photoswitched manipulation with fluorescence detection of cell signaling has enabled non-invasive all-optical experiments on cell and tissue function in vitro and in vivo.
Ion channels have been one of the principal protein targets of photoswitched manipulation.
Synthetic photoswitches alter channel function using three strategies: tethered photoswitchable ligands, untethered freely diffusing photoswitchable ligands, and photoswitchable crosslinkers.
Optical manipulation of channels has provided insights into the mechanism of channel function.
Methods to manipulate proteins with light have produced major advances in recent years.