Source 1review2021Viruses
Toolkit/2A sequence
2A sequence
Also known as: 2A, 2A/2A-like sequences, 2A-like sequence
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Component. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
2A is a short viral oligopeptide sequence that mediates a ribosome skipping effect during translation, causing co-translational cleavage of polyproteins. It is used in heterologous co-expression systems to separate proteins of biotechnological interest from a single coding sequence.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
2A and 2A-like sequences are useful as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest in heterologous co-expression systems. This enables co-expression of multiple protein products from one translated polyprotein precursor.
Problem solved
This tool addresses the need to generate separable protein products during heterologous expression without encoding each protein as an independent transcriptional unit. The supplied evidence specifically supports its use for co-translational cleavage in polyprotein-based expression designs.
Problem links
Need better screening or enrichment leverage
Derived2A is a short viral oligopeptide sequence that mediates a ribosome skipping effect during translation, causing co-translational cleavage of polyproteins. It is used in heterologous co-expression systems to separate proteins of biotechnological interest from a single coding sequence.
Need conditional recombination or state switching
Derived2A is a short viral oligopeptide sequence that mediates a ribosome skipping effect during translation, causing co-translational cleavage of polyproteins. It is used in heterologous co-expression systems to separate proteins of biotechnological interest from a single coding sequence.
Need tighter control over protein production
Derived2A is a short viral oligopeptide sequence that mediates a ribosome skipping effect during translation, causing co-translational cleavage of polyproteins. It is used in heterologous co-expression systems to separate proteins of biotechnological interest from a single coding sequence.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Component: A low-level protein part used inside a larger architecture that realizes a mechanism.
Mechanisms
co-translational cleavagePhotocleavageribosome skippingtranslation controlTranslation ControlTarget processes
recombinationselectiontranslationImplementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationoperating role: regulatorswitch architecture: cleavage
Implementation is based on inserting the 2A oligopeptide sequence between coding regions in a polyprotein design so that ribosome skipping yields co-translational cleavage. The provided evidence does not specify sequence variants, construct architecture details, host organisms, or delivery methods.
The supplied evidence does not provide quantitative performance data such as cleavage efficiency, context dependence, residual peptide scar size, or host-specific behavior. It also does not document direct side-by-side comparisons among different 2A or 2A-like sequences in specific expression platforms.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
double-stranded RNA virus count 6negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus count 1positive-sense single-stranded RNA species count 62
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
newly reported 2A-like sequences 69
Approval Evidence
1 source5 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug 2a-sequence
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates a ribosome "skipping" effect and can mediate a co-translation cleavage of polyproteins. These sequences have been used in many heterologous co-expression systems because they are versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
Source:
application summarysupports
2A and 2A-like sequences have been used in heterologous co-expression systems as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest.
Source:
distribution breakdownsupports
Among the 69 newly reported 2A-like occurrences, 62 were in positive-sense single-stranded RNA species, 6 in double-stranded RNA viruses, and 1 in a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
Source:
distribution summarysupports
2A and 2A-like sequences are widely distributed across viruses from insect to mammalian viruses.
Source:
mechanism summarysupports
2A is an oligopeptide sequence that mediates ribosome skipping and can mediate co-translation cleavage of polyproteins.
Source:
review findingsupports
The review reports first-time occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences identified by screening NCBI sequence records.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The main reported strength is that 2A functions as a versatile cleavage element in many heterologous co-expression systems. The literature summary also indicates broad natural distribution of 2A-like sequences across viral groups, with 69 newly reported occurrences including positive-sense single-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA, and negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses.
Compared with cLIPS2
2A sequence and cLIPS2 address a similar problem space because they share recombination, selection, translation.
Shared frame: shared target processes: recombination, selection, translation; shared mechanisms: translation_control
Strengths here: looks easier to implement in practice.
Compared with optogenetic circuits
2A sequence and optogenetic circuits address a similar problem space because they share recombination, translation.
Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared target processes: recombination, translation; shared mechanisms: translation control, translation_control
Strengths here: looks easier to implement in practice.
Compared with single-cell RNA sequencing
2A sequence and single-cell RNA sequencing address a similar problem space because they share recombination, selection, translation.
Shared frame: shared target processes: recombination, selection, translation; shared mechanisms: translation_control
Relative tradeoffs: appears more independently replicated; looks easier to implement in practice.
Ranked Citations
- 1.