Source 1primary paper2026MED
Toolkit/aminated hyaluronic acid (HAA)
aminated hyaluronic acid (HAA)
Also known as: aminated-hyaluronic acid, HAA
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
The resulting aminated-hyaluronic acid (HAA) scaffolds act as rigid structural backbones in virus-inspired polymer-DNA nanoparticles termed as "Skeletoplexes"
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
HAA is a cationically modified hyaluronic acid scaffold that functions as a rigid structural backbone in polymer-DNA nanoparticles. In the abstract it is presented as the key scaffolding component that enhances nanoparticle stability and delivery performance.; serving as a rigid structural backbone in polymer-DNA nanoparticles; improving non-viral gene delivery formulations
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HAA is a cationically modified hyaluronic acid scaffold that functions as a rigid structural backbone in polymer-DNA nanoparticles. In the abstract it is presented as the key scaffolding component that enhances nanoparticle stability and delivery performance.
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serving as a rigid structural backbone in polymer-DNA nanoparticles
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improving non-viral gene delivery formulations
Problem solved
It solves the difficulty of directly cationizing HA in water and provides a scaffold intended to reduce the amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility of non-viral gene delivery systems.; provides a cationized HA scaffold despite HA's poor aqueous reactivity and polyanionic nature; addresses amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility in non-viral gene delivery systems
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It solves the difficulty of directly cationizing HA in water and provides a scaffold intended to reduce the amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility of non-viral gene delivery systems.
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provides a cationized HA scaffold despite HA's poor aqueous reactivity and polyanionic nature
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addresses amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility in non-viral gene delivery systems
Problem links
addresses amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility in non-viral gene delivery systems
LiteratureIt solves the difficulty of directly cationizing HA in water and provides a scaffold intended to reduce the amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility of non-viral gene delivery systems.
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It solves the difficulty of directly cationizing HA in water and provides a scaffold intended to reduce the amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility of non-viral gene delivery systems.
provides a cationized HA scaffold despite HA's poor aqueous reactivity and polyanionic nature
LiteratureIt solves the difficulty of directly cationizing HA in water and provides a scaffold intended to reduce the amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility of non-viral gene delivery systems.
Source:
It solves the difficulty of directly cationizing HA in water and provides a scaffold intended to reduce the amorphous morphology and mechanical fragility of non-viral gene delivery systems.
Published Workflows
Objective: Develop a water-based route to cationize hyaluronic acid and use the resulting scaffold to improve the stability and gene-delivery performance of virus-inspired non-viral polymer-DNA nanoparticles.
Why it works: The paper proposes that direct aqueous cationization of HA yields HAA scaffolds that can serve as rigid structural backbones, thereby improving the stability and performance of non-viral polymer-DNA nanoparticles.
direct tertiary amine installation on HAuse of HAA as a rigid structural backbone in polymer-DNA nanoparticlesEDAC-mediated aqueous synthesispolyplex incorporation across diverse cationic systems
Stages
- 1.Aqueous HA cationization(library_build)
This stage creates the HAA scaffold needed for downstream nanoparticle assembly and addresses the synthetic challenge of cationizing HA in water.
Selection: Generate cationically modified HA through EDAC-mediated O-acylisourea rearrangement in water.
- 2.Scaffolded polyplex assembly and in vitro evaluation(functional_characterization)
This stage tests whether the HAA scaffold improves delivery performance when integrated into different non-viral polyplex formulations.
Selection: Incorporate HAA scaffolds into polyplexes formed from diverse cationic systems and assess transfection performance.
- 3.In vivo gene expression validation(in_vivo_validation)
This stage validates whether the scaffolding strategy improves delivery performance beyond in vitro assays.
Selection: Test whether HAA-containing formulations improve in vivo gene expression.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A reusable architecture pattern for arranging parts into an engineered system.
Mechanisms
electrostatic cationization of hyaluronic acid via tertiary amine installationstructural scaffolding within polymer-dna nanoparticlesTechniques
Structural CharacterizationTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationoperating role: actuator
Its preparation requires EDAC-mediated spontaneous O-acylisourea rearrangement in water to introduce tertiary amine functionalities onto HA. Its use also requires incorporation into cationic polyplex systems with DNA cargo.; requires EDAC-mediated O-acylisourea rearrangement chemistry in water; used as a scaffold within polyplex formulations rather than as a standalone delivery vector
The abstract does not show that HAA alone is a complete delivery system or that it solves all barriers to gene delivery. It is described as a scaffolding component used within broader polyplex formulations.; abstract does not specify cell types, in vivo model, or formulation-dependent failure cases
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
The HAA scaffold strategy is presented as a generalizable and green approach that bridges structural and functional gaps between viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors.
These results establish a generalizable and green scaffold-based strategy that bridges the structural and functional gap between viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors.
An EDAC-mediated O-acylisourea rearrangement can be used as a productive water-based catalyst-free route to directly cationize hyaluronic acid.
we reprogram a classically unfavorable EDAC-mediated rearrangement into a productive synthetic route, enabling direct cationization of hyaluronic acid (HA) through spontaneous O-acylisourea rearrangement. This water-based, catalyst-free process
HAA scaffolds improve in vitro transfection efficiency by up to 4-fold when incorporated into polyplexes formed from diverse cationic systems including PBAEs and several commercial vectors.
HAA scaffolds improved in vitro transfection efficiency by up to 4-fold
in vitro transfection efficiency improvement 4 fold
HAA scaffolds improve in vivo gene expression by approximately 2-fold when incorporated into polyplexes formed from diverse cationic systems.
and in vivo gene expression by approximately 2-fold
in vivo gene expression improvement 2 fold
The EDAC-mediated HA cationization process achieves up to 70% substitution of HA carboxyl groups with cationic tertiary amine functionalities.
This water-based, catalyst-free process achieves up to 70 % substitution of HA's carboxyl groups-introducing cationic tertiary amine functionalities in water.
substitution of HA carboxyl groups 70 %
Aminated hyaluronic acid scaffolds act as rigid structural backbones in Skeletoplex polymer-DNA nanoparticles.
The resulting aminated-hyaluronic acid (HAA) scaffolds act as rigid structural backbones in virus-inspired polymer-DNA nanoparticles termed as "Skeletoplexes"
Approval Evidence
1 source5 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug aminated-hyaluronic-acid-haa
The resulting aminated-hyaluronic acid (HAA) scaffolds act as rigid structural backbones in virus-inspired polymer-DNA nanoparticles termed as "Skeletoplexes"
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generalizabilitysupports
The HAA scaffold strategy is presented as a generalizable and green approach that bridges structural and functional gaps between viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors.
These results establish a generalizable and green scaffold-based strategy that bridges the structural and functional gap between viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors.
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performance improvementsupports
HAA scaffolds improve in vitro transfection efficiency by up to 4-fold when incorporated into polyplexes formed from diverse cationic systems including PBAEs and several commercial vectors.
HAA scaffolds improved in vitro transfection efficiency by up to 4-fold
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performance improvementsupports
HAA scaffolds improve in vivo gene expression by approximately 2-fold when incorporated into polyplexes formed from diverse cationic systems.
and in vivo gene expression by approximately 2-fold
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quantitative performancesupports
The EDAC-mediated HA cationization process achieves up to 70% substitution of HA carboxyl groups with cationic tertiary amine functionalities.
This water-based, catalyst-free process achieves up to 70 % substitution of HA's carboxyl groups-introducing cationic tertiary amine functionalities in water.
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structural functionsupports
Aminated hyaluronic acid scaffolds act as rigid structural backbones in Skeletoplex polymer-DNA nanoparticles.
The resulting aminated-hyaluronic acid (HAA) scaffolds act as rigid structural backbones in virus-inspired polymer-DNA nanoparticles termed as "Skeletoplexes"
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Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
The abstract contrasts HAA-containing formulations with diverse cationic systems including poly(β-amino esters) and commercial vectors such as BrPERfect, Xfect, jetPEI, and Lipofectamine3000.
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The abstract contrasts HAA-containing formulations with diverse cationic systems including poly(β-amino esters) and commercial vectors such as BrPERfect, Xfect, jetPEI, and Lipofectamine3000.
Source-backed strengths
water-based catalyst-free preparation; up to 70% substitution of HA carboxyl groups; improved in vitro transfection and in vivo gene expression when incorporated into diverse polyplex systems
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water-based catalyst-free preparation
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up to 70% substitution of HA carboxyl groups
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improved in vitro transfection and in vivo gene expression when incorporated into diverse polyplex systems
Compared with carbohydrate-centered glycoconjugates
aminated hyaluronic acid (HAA) and carbohydrate-centered glycoconjugates address a similar problem space.
Shared frame: same top-level item type
Compared with GI norovirus VP1 virus-like particles
aminated hyaluronic acid (HAA) and GI norovirus VP1 virus-like particles address a similar problem space.
Shared frame: same top-level item type
Compared with RGEPO1
aminated hyaluronic acid (HAA) and RGEPO1 address a similar problem space.
Shared frame: same top-level item type
Ranked Citations
- 1.