Source 1primary paper2020MED
Toolkit/APC
APC
Also known as: cationic polymer-coated Au nanorod
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
APC is a cationic polymer-coated gold nanorod used in the nanoCRISPR platform as the delivery harness for a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter. Within this system, it supports near-infrared-programmable genome editing by coupling plasmid delivery to photothermal control of Cas9 expression.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
APC is useful because it enables a single nanoCRISPR formulation to combine intracellular delivery of a Cas9 expression plasmid with externally programmable activation through irradiation. The cited study reports that genome-editing activity can be tuned by exposure and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be re-triggered at multiple time points.
Source:
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
Source:
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
Problem solved
APC helps address the problem of achieving spatiotemporally controllable CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing from an externally applied physical input. In the reported nanoCRISPR design, it links a heat-inducible Cas9 plasmid to a photothermal nanomaterial carrier so editing output can be programmed by irradiation conditions.
Source:
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
Published Workflows
Near-infrared optogenetic engineering of photothermal nanoCRISPR for programmable genome editing.
2020Objective: Engineer a remotely controllable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable, spatiotemporally precise genome editing in vitro and in vivo, including deep-tissue therapeutic applications.
Why it works: The abstract states that APC delivers the Cas9 plasmid intracellularly and converts external NIR-II photonic energy into local heat, which induces Cas9 expression from a heat-inducible promoter. This coupling is presented as enabling programmable activation, deep-tissue access, and reduced off-target editing.
NIR-II photothermal conversion to local heatheat-inducible Cas9 expressionlight-programmed temporal control of editingnanoparticle-mediated plasmid deliveryoptogenetic activationexternal irradiation tuning
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A delivery strategy grouped with the mechanism branch because it determines how a system is instantiated and deployed in context.
Techniques
No technique tags yet.
Target processes
editingInput: Light
Implementation Constraints
APC is described as a cationic polymer-coated gold nanorod incorporated into nanoCRISPR together with a Cas9 plasmid under a heat-inducible promoter. The available evidence supports use with external irradiation to control editing output, but it does not report the exact construct architecture, formulation protocol, or optical parameters.
The supplied evidence does not provide APC-specific quantitative data on delivery efficiency, editing efficiency, toxicity, biodistribution, or comparison against alternative carriers. It also does not specify the polymer identity, nanorod dimensions, irradiation wavelength, promoter identity, or the exact implementation details required for reproduction.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
Genome-editing activity of nanoCRISPR can be programmed by tuning exposure time and irradiation time in vitro and in vivo and can be triggered at multiple time points.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
This optogenetic genome-editing modality significantly minimizes CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects at most potential off-target sites.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
The NIR-II optical feature of nanoCRISPR enables deep-tissue therapeutic genome editing, with proof-of-concept treatment of deep tumor and rescue of fulminant hepatic failure.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
This paper reports nanoCRISPR, an optogenetically activatable CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for programmable genome editing in the NIR-II optical window.
Approval Evidence
1 source3 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug apc
The nanosystem, termed nanoCRISPR, is composed of a cationic polymer-coated Au nanorod (APC) and Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter. The APC not only serves as a carrier for intracellular plasmid delivery but also can harvest external NIR-II photonic energy and convert it into local heat to induce the gene expression of the Cas9 endonuclease.
Source:
compositionsupports
nanoCRISPR is composed of APC and a Cas9 plasmid driven by a heat-inducible promoter.
Source:
mechanismsupports
APC functions as both an intracellular plasmid carrier and a photothermal transducer that converts external NIR-II light into local heat to induce Cas9 expression.
Source:
performancesupports
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The main demonstrated strength is programmability: the source reports that genome-editing activity can be tuned by exposure time and irradiation time and triggered repeatedly at multiple time points. The system was reported to function in both in vitro and in vivo settings, supporting at least moderate validation breadth for controllable editing.
Source:
Upon optogenetic activation, APC-mediated nanoCRISPR induces significant disruption at different genomic loci.
Ranked Citations
- 1.