Source 1primary paper2018Nature Communications
Toolkit/Chrimson
Chrimson
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Component. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Chrimson is a red light-activated channelrhodopsin with a reported crystal structure. It provides red-shifted optogenetic excitation and has been used with Chronos to support two-color activation of independent neural populations in mouse brain slice without detectable cross-talk.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
Chrimson is useful as a red-shifted optogenetic actuator for experiments requiring excitation at longer wavelengths than earlier channelrhodopsins. The cited literature also positions it as part of a two-color stimulation pair with Chronos for independent control of distinct neural populations.
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Chrimson is a channelrhodopsin with a red-shifted excitation spectrum. The abstract presents it as useful for red-light-preferred experiments and as one half of a two-color neural activation pair.
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optical activation of neural populations
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experiments in which red light is preferred
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two-color activation experiments
Problem solved
Chrimson addresses the need for red-shifted optogenetic excitation. In the supplied evidence, it also helps enable independent optical activation of separate neural populations when combined with Chronos, and the extraction notes mention reduced visual system-mediated behavioral interference in Drosophila studies.
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It addresses the need for red-shifted optogenetic excitation and helps reduce visual system-mediated behavioral interference in Drosophila studies. Together with Chronos it supports independent activation of distinct neural populations.
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provides a red-shifted channelrhodopsin relative to previous channelrhodopsins
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reduces visual system-mediated behavioral interference in Drosophila neurobehavioral studies
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supports independent optical control when paired with Chronos
Published Workflows
Objective: Discover and characterize channelrhodopsins that enable independent optical excitation of distinct neural populations.
Why it works: The abstract states that opsins from over 100 algal species were sequenced and physiologically characterized, yielding Chronos and Chrimson with complementary properties for two-color excitation.
red-shifted optical excitationfast channelrhodopsin gating kineticsindependent activation of distinct neural populationssequencingphysiological characterization
Stages
- 1.Opsin sequencing across algal diversity(library_design)
This stage expands the search space for discovering channelrhodopsins with useful spectral and kinetic properties.
Selection: Survey opsins from over 100 species of alga to identify candidate channelrhodopsins.
- 2.Physiological characterization of opsin candidates(functional_characterization)
This stage identifies candidates with complementary functional properties needed for independent optical control.
Selection: Identify channelrhodopsins with red-shifted excitation, fast kinetics, and effective light sensitivity.
- 3.Application testing in behavioral and slice preparations(confirmatory_validation)
This stage tests whether the candidate opsins retain their desired properties in relevant biological applications.
Selection: Confirm that selected reagents reduce behavioral interference and permit independent two-color activation without detectable cross-talk.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Component: A low-level protein part used inside a larger architecture that realizes a mechanism.
Target processes
selectionInput: Light
Implementation Constraints
Use requires expression of Chrimson in target cells and optical hardware capable of red-light stimulation. The evidence supports application in mouse brain slice when paired with Chronos, while the extraction notes indicate additional behavioral use context in Drosophila. No cofactor, trafficking, or construct-architecture details are provided in the supplied evidence.
The supplied evidence does not define detailed kinetic, conductance, expression, or spectral cross-activation limits for Chrimson alone. The two-color no-cross-talk result is specifically reported for pairing with Chronos in mouse brain slice, and the extraction notes state that the abstract does not establish Chrimson as a standalone solution for all dual-population control problems.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Source 2review2016Methods in molecular biology
Source 3primary paper2014Nature Methods
Source 4review2020EMBO Molecular Medicine
Ranked Claims
CatCh, Chronos, and Chrimson-family opsins are presented in the supplied summary as relevant component classes for spiral ganglion neuron and optical cochlear implant performance.
High-signal enrichment leads found around this anchor cluster into ... opsin-engineering papers explicitly tied to SGN/oCI performance, especially CatCh, Chronos, and red-shifted Chrimson-family work.
Implant-oriented LED and μLED cochlear hardware platforms are relevant adjacent tools in the translational path toward optical cochlear implants.
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
Many engineered channelrhodopsin variants have advantages compared with wild-type variants.
Demand for more application-specific channelrhodopsin variants drove engineering of improved variants.
Channelrhodopsin variants in the review are described by mechanistic and operational properties including expression, kinetics, ion selectivity, and wavelength responsivity.
The review covers new channelrhodopsin variants whose efficacy has been proven in neurophysiological experiments or that are likely to extend the optogenetic toolbox.
Channelrhodopsins have become widely accepted as a tool to control the membrane potential of excitable cells via illumination.
The large number of new channelrhodopsin variants and their perplexing names can alienate users.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
excitation spectrum red shift relative to previous channelrhodopsins 45 nm
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins and is effectively more light sensitive.
Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive.
Approval Evidence
4 sources6 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug chrimson
High-signal enrichment leads found around this anchor cluster into ... opsin-engineering papers explicitly tied to SGN/oCI performance, especially CatCh, Chronos, and red-shifted Chrimson-family work.
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Crystal structure of the red light-activated channelrhodopsin Chrimson
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Explicitly supported variant/tool name recovered in the supplied web research summary as a directly relevant channelrhodopsin variant discussed in review-era literature.
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Here we describe two channelrhodopsins, Chronos and Chrimson
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component relevancesupports
CatCh, Chronos, and Chrimson-family opsins are presented in the supplied summary as relevant component classes for spiral ganglion neuron and optical cochlear implant performance.
High-signal enrichment leads found around this anchor cluster into ... opsin-engineering papers explicitly tied to SGN/oCI performance, especially CatCh, Chronos, and red-shifted Chrimson-family work.
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functional identitysupports
Chrimson is described as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin.
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structural characterizationsupports
The paper reports a crystal structure of Chrimson.
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application capabilitysupports
Chronos and Chrimson together enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
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application observationsupports
Using Chrimson in Drosophila melanogaster neurobehavioral studies showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference.
We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster.
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tool propertysupports
Chrimson has an excitation spectrum red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins.
Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
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Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The available evidence identifies Chrimson as a red light-activated channelrhodopsin and reports a crystal structure, providing both functional and structural characterization. Extraction notes state that the abstract contrasts Chrimson with previous channelrhodopsins by a 45 nm red shift. In mouse brain slice, Chrimson paired with Chronos enabled two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission without detectable cross-talk.
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excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins
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can enable experiments in which red light is preferred
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showed minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference in Drosophila melanogaster
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enables two-color activation with Chronos without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice
Ranked Citations
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