Toolkit/light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy

light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy

Assay Method·Research·Since 2006

Also known as: FTIR difference spectroscopy

Taxonomy: Technique Branch / Method. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.

Summary

Light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy is an assay method for detecting light-triggered structural changes associated with signaling-state formation in photoreceptor proteins. In the cited literature, it was applied to blue-light sensing LOV and BLUF/FAD systems to measure protein- and chromophore-associated spectral changes after illumination.

Usefulness & Problems

Why this is useful

This method is useful for probing photoactivated structural responses in signaling photoreceptors under illumination-dependent conditions. The supplied evidence indicates that it can resolve light-induced changes linked to flavin chemistry and helix-associated conformational responses in phototropin LOV2 and related blue-light sensors.

Source:

It also suggests that the N- and C-terminal helices of phot-LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may provide a basis for signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains in phototropins.

Problem solved

It addresses the problem of experimentally detecting structural changes that accompany formation of the signaling state in light-responsive proteins. In the cited AsLOV2 work, it was used to assess how blue-light activation and helix architecture relate to conformational switching.

Problem links

Need conditional control of signaling activity

Derived

Light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy is an assay method used to measure light-triggered structural changes associated with signaling-state formation in photoreceptor proteins. In the cited studies, it was applied to blue-light sensing LOV and BLUF systems to detect protein- and flavin-associated spectral changes after illumination.

Need precise spatiotemporal control with light input

Derived

Light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy is an assay method used to measure light-triggered structural changes associated with signaling-state formation in photoreceptor proteins. In the cited studies, it was applied to blue-light sensing LOV and BLUF systems to detect protein- and flavin-associated spectral changes after illumination.

Taxonomy & Function

Implementation Constraints

cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: sensorswitch architecture: uncaging

The cited applications involve light-triggered measurements on flavin-binding photoreceptors, including LOV domains and a BLUF-domain protein that uses FAD. Practical details such as instrument configuration, sample preparation, illumination wavelength, and expression or delivery formats are not provided in the supplied evidence.

The supplied evidence is limited to a small number of blue-light photoreceptor contexts and does not provide general performance metrics, resolution limits, or throughput characteristics. The cited interpretation also notes that some large conformational changes, such as full Jα unfolding in truncated AsLOV2 constructs, may reflect construct artifacts rather than native full-length behavior.

Validation

Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication

Supporting Sources

Ranked Claims

Claim 1functional rolesupports2019Source 1needs review

The N-terminal and C-terminal helices of phototropin LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may support signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains.

It also suggests that the N- and C-terminal helices of phot-LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may provide a basis for signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains in phototropins.
Claim 2functional rolesupports2019Source 1needs review

The N-terminal and C-terminal helices of phototropin LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may support signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains.

It also suggests that the N- and C-terminal helices of phot-LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may provide a basis for signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains in phototropins.
Claim 3functional rolesupports2019Source 1needs review

The N-terminal and C-terminal helices of phototropin LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may support signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains.

It also suggests that the N- and C-terminal helices of phot-LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may provide a basis for signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains in phototropins.
Claim 4functional rolesupports2019Source 1needs review

The N-terminal and C-terminal helices of phototropin LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may support signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains.

It also suggests that the N- and C-terminal helices of phot-LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may provide a basis for signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains in phototropins.
Claim 5functional rolesupports2019Source 1needs review

The N-terminal and C-terminal helices of phototropin LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may support signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains.

It also suggests that the N- and C-terminal helices of phot-LOV2 domains are necessary for allosteric regulation of the phototropin kinase domain and may provide a basis for signal integration of LOV1 and LOV2 domains in phototropins.
Claim 6interpretationsupports2019Source 1needs review

The conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains may be smaller than previously assumed, and full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 constructs with short A'α helices may be a truncation artifact.

These results are different from shorter constructs, indicating that the conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains might not be as large as previously assumed, and that the well-characterized full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 with short A'α helices may be considered a truncation artifact.
Claim 7interpretationsupports2019Source 1needs review

The conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains may be smaller than previously assumed, and full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 constructs with short A'α helices may be a truncation artifact.

These results are different from shorter constructs, indicating that the conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains might not be as large as previously assumed, and that the well-characterized full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 with short A'α helices may be considered a truncation artifact.
Claim 8interpretationsupports2019Source 1needs review

The conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains may be smaller than previously assumed, and full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 constructs with short A'α helices may be a truncation artifact.

These results are different from shorter constructs, indicating that the conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains might not be as large as previously assumed, and that the well-characterized full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 with short A'α helices may be considered a truncation artifact.
Claim 9interpretationsupports2019Source 1needs review

The conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains may be smaller than previously assumed, and full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 constructs with short A'α helices may be a truncation artifact.

These results are different from shorter constructs, indicating that the conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains might not be as large as previously assumed, and that the well-characterized full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 with short A'α helices may be considered a truncation artifact.
Claim 10interpretationsupports2019Source 1needs review

The conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains may be smaller than previously assumed, and full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 constructs with short A'α helices may be a truncation artifact.

These results are different from shorter constructs, indicating that the conformational changes in full-length phototropin LOV domains might not be as large as previously assumed, and that the well-characterized full unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2 with short A'α helices may be considered a truncation artifact.
Claim 11mechanismsupports2019Source 1needs review

In phototropin LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces dissociation and unfolding of the C-terminal Jα helix and the N-terminal A'α helix.

In the second LOV domain of phototropins, called LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces the dissociation and unfolding of a C-terminally attached α helix (Jα) and the N-terminal helix (A'α).
Claim 12mechanismsupports2019Source 1needs review

In phototropin LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces dissociation and unfolding of the C-terminal Jα helix and the N-terminal A'α helix.

In the second LOV domain of phototropins, called LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces the dissociation and unfolding of a C-terminally attached α helix (Jα) and the N-terminal helix (A'α).
Claim 13mechanismsupports2019Source 1needs review

In phototropin LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces dissociation and unfolding of the C-terminal Jα helix and the N-terminal A'α helix.

In the second LOV domain of phototropins, called LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces the dissociation and unfolding of a C-terminally attached α helix (Jα) and the N-terminal helix (A'α).
Claim 14mechanismsupports2019Source 1needs review

In phototropin LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces dissociation and unfolding of the C-terminal Jα helix and the N-terminal A'α helix.

In the second LOV domain of phototropins, called LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces the dissociation and unfolding of a C-terminally attached α helix (Jα) and the N-terminal helix (A'α).
Claim 15mechanismsupports2019Source 1needs review

In phototropin LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces dissociation and unfolding of the C-terminal Jα helix and the N-terminal A'α helix.

In the second LOV domain of phototropins, called LOV2 domains, blue light illumination leads to covalent bond formation between protein and flavin that induces the dissociation and unfolding of a C-terminally attached α helix (Jα) and the N-terminal helix (A'α).
Claim 16structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes light-induced unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes the light-induced unfolding of Jα
Claim 17structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes light-induced unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes the light-induced unfolding of Jα
Claim 18structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes light-induced unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes the light-induced unfolding of Jα
Claim 19structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes light-induced unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes the light-induced unfolding of Jα
Claim 20structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes light-induced unfolding of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

Deletion of the A'α helix abolishes the light-induced unfolding of Jα
Claim 21structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Extensions of the A'α helix attenuate the light-induced structural change of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

whereas extensions of the A'α helix lead to an attenuated structural change of Jα
Claim 22structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Extensions of the A'α helix attenuate the light-induced structural change of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

whereas extensions of the A'α helix lead to an attenuated structural change of Jα
Claim 23structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Extensions of the A'α helix attenuate the light-induced structural change of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

whereas extensions of the A'α helix lead to an attenuated structural change of Jα
Claim 24structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Extensions of the A'α helix attenuate the light-induced structural change of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

whereas extensions of the A'α helix lead to an attenuated structural change of Jα
Claim 25structure functionsupports2019Source 1needs review

Extensions of the A'α helix attenuate the light-induced structural change of the Jα helix in AsLOV2.

whereas extensions of the A'α helix lead to an attenuated structural change of Jα
Claim 26band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 27band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 28band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 29band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 30band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 31band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 32band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 33band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 34band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 35band assignmentsupports2006Source 2needs review

The C4=O stretching bands of the FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency and with the same band intensity in YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF spectra.

the bands for the C4=O stretching of a FAD isoalloxazine ring were induced at the same frequency with the same band intensity in the spectra for YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF
Claim 36compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 37compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 38compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 39compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 40compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 41compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 42compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 43compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 44compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 45compositionsupports2006Source 2needs review

Escherichia coli YcgF is a BLUF protein composed of an N-terminal BLUF domain and a C-terminal EAL domain.

The Escherichia coli YcgF protein is a BLUF protein consisting of the N-terminal FAD-binding hold (BLUF domain) and the C-terminal EAL domain.
Claim 46predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 47predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 48predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 49predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 50predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 51predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 52predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 53predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 54predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 55predicted activitysupports2006Source 2needs review

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.

The EAL domain of YcgF is predicted to have cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Claim 56spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 57spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 58spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 59spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 60spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 61spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 62spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 63spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 64spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 65spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 66spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 67spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 68spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 69spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 70spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 71spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 72spectral differencesupports2006Source 2needs review

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.
Claim 73spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 74spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 75spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 76spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 77spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 78spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 79spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 80spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 81spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 82spectral similaritysupports2006Source 2needs review

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical dark-state flavin UV-visible absorption spectra and identical kinetics of relaxation from the light-induced signaling state to the dark state.

YcgF-Full and YcgF-BLUF showed identical UV-visible absorption spectra of flavin in the dark state and a light-induced absorption red shift for the signaling state, which relaxed to the dark state showing identical kinetics.
Claim 83structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 84structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 85structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 86structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 87structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 88structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 89structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 90structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 91structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 92structural interpretationneutral2006Source 2needs review

The full-length-specific protein bands are discussed as being predominantly attributable to structural changes in the C-terminal EAL domain triggered by light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain.

The possibility that full-length-specific protein bands are predominantly ascribed to structural changes of the C-terminal EAL domain in the signaling state as a consequence of light excitation of the N-terminal BLUF domain is discussed.
Claim 93temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 94temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 95temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 96temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 97temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 98temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 99temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 100temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 101temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands
Claim 102temperature effectsupports2006Source 2needs review

At medium-low temperatures, the YcgF-Full FTIR spectrum resembled the YcgF-BLUF spectrum because protein bands were selectively suppressed.

the YcgF-Full spectrum resembled that of the YcgF-BLUF when illuminated at medium-low temperatures because of the selective suppression of protein bands

Approval Evidence

2 sources1 linked approval claimfirst-pass slugs fourier-transform-infrared-difference-spectroscopy, light-induced-fourier-transform-infrared-ftir-difference-spectroscopy
by Fourier-transform infrared difference spectroscopy

Source:

Light-induced structural changes for the signaling state formation were studied using the light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy

Source:

spectral differencesupports

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of full-length YcgF was markedly different from that of the isolated YcgF BLUF domain, and the BLUF-domain spectrum lacked most IR bands induced in the full-length protein.

The light-induced FTIR difference spectrum of YcgF-Full, however, was markedly different from that of YcgF-BLUF. The spectrum of YcgF-BLUF lacked most of the IR bands that were induced in the YcgF-Full spectrum.

Source:

Comparisons

Source-backed strengths

The evidence supports sensitivity to light-induced difference signals arising from both the protein scaffold and the flavin cofactor. In Avena sativa phototropin 1 LOV2, the method supported mechanistic interpretation of blue-light-induced covalent protein-flavin bond formation together with dissociation and unfolding of the A'α and Jα helices, and it distinguished effects of A'α extension or deletion on Jα structural change.

Compared with cDNA microarray

light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy and cDNA microarray address a similar problem space because they share signaling.

Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared target processes: signaling; same primary input modality: light

light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy and IRAP-pHluorin translocation assay address a similar problem space because they share signaling.

Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared target processes: signaling; same primary input modality: light

light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy and reversible protein highlighting address a similar problem space because they share signaling.

Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared target processes: signaling; same primary input modality: light

Ranked Citations

  1. 1.
    StructuralSource 1ACS Omega2019Claim 5Claim 5Claim 5

    Extracted from this source document.

  2. 2.
    StructuralSource 2Biochemistry2006Claim 35Claim 35Claim 35

    Extracted from this source document.