Source 1review2022Physiological Reviews
Toolkit/photoreceptors
photoreceptors
Also known as: engineered photoreceptors, photosensitive domains
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Component. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Photoreceptors are naturally occurring or engineered photosensitive protein domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths and function as light-regulated actuators in optogenetics. They have been used to confer genetically encoded, light-dependent control of cellular functions, including regulation of gene expression in bacteria.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
These domains are useful because optogenetic systems are described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and capable of superior spatiotemporal resolution. By coupling light input to genetically encoded regulators, photoreceptors enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Source:
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Source:
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Problem solved
Photoreceptors help solve the problem of controlling biological processes with high temporal and spatial precision using a genetically encoded input. The supplied evidence specifically supports their use in light-dependent regulation of gene expression in bacteria and more broadly in dissecting cellular physiology through optogenetics.
Source:
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Component: A low-level protein part used inside a larger architecture that realizes a mechanism.
Techniques
Computational DesignTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
Photoreceptors are implemented as genetically encoded photosensitive domains or actuators that respond to light at varying wavelengths. The evidence supports their use in genetic circuits and in bacterial gene-expression regulation, but it does not detail construct architecture, cofactors, delivery methods, or expression systems.
The supplied evidence does not specify particular photoreceptor families, chromophores, wavelengths, dynamic ranges, or performance metrics for individual domains. It also does not provide direct comparative validation across organisms beyond noting bacterial gene-expression control and broader optogenetic use.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors and photosensitive domains respond to light at varying wavelengths and have expanded optogenetic tool development.
a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths has ushered in the next chapter of optogenetics
Genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control diverse biological processes and support behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control diverse biological processes and support behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control diverse biological processes and support behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control diverse biological processes and support behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control diverse biological processes and support behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control diverse biological processes and support behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control diverse biological processes and support behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Approval Evidence
3 sources7 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug photoreceptors
Numerous photoreceptors and genetic circuits emerged over the past two decades and now enable the light-dependent i.e., optogenetic, regulation of gene expression in bacteria.
Source:
a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths
Source:
Sensory photoreceptors not only control diverse adaptive responses in Nature, but as light-regulated actuators they also provide the foundation for optogenetics.
Source:
advantage summarysupports
Optogenetics is described as noninvasive, rapidly responsive, tunably reversible, and having superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Source:
application scopesupports
Opsin-free optogenetics is applied to dissect cellular physiology, which the review designates as optophysiology.
We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology")
Source:
capability summarysupports
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions.
Source:
design principle summarysupports
Naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors and photosensitive domains respond to light at varying wavelengths and have expanded optogenetic tool development.
a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths has ushered in the next chapter of optogenetics
Source:
broad summarysupports
Photoreceptors provide the foundation for optogenetics as light-regulated actuators enabling non-invasive and spatiotemporally precise manipulation of cellular events by light.
Sensory photoreceptors not only control diverse adaptive responses in Nature, but as light-regulated actuators they also provide the foundation for optogenetics, the non-invasive and spatiotemporally precise manipulation of cellular events by light.
Source:
classificationsupports
Photoreceptors can be divided into associating receptors that alter oligomeric state as part of light-regulated allostery and non-associating receptors that do not.
Photoreceptors dichotomize into associating receptors that alter their oligomeric state as part of light-regulated allostery and non-associating receptors that do not.
Source:
field trendsupports
Photoreceptor engineering has recently developed rapidly, yielding light-regulated actuators for perturbing many cellular events.
Recently, photoreceptor engineering has witnessed a rapid development, and light-regulated actuators for the perturbation of a plethora of cellular events are now available.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The evidence indicates that many photoreceptors and genetic circuits have emerged over the past two decades, supporting a broad optogenetic toolkit. Reported advantages of optogenetics include noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Source:
Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution.
Source:
Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo.
Ranked Citations
- 1.