Source 1review2023Annual Review of Plant Biology
Toolkit/photoswitches
photoswitches
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Photoswitches are light-responsive multi-component optogenetic tools used in plant systems for externally controlled regulation of gene expression. Source evidence specifically states that single or combined photoswitches have been successfully applied for light-controlled gene expression in plants.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
These tools are useful because they enable noninvasive control of plant cellular processes with light. The cited literature also notes related plant optogenetic applications using green light-gated ion channels to control growth and cellular motion, indicating broader utility for light-based regulation in plants.
Source:
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Source:
present successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants
Source:
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Problem solved
Photoswitches help solve the problem of achieving externally delivered, temporally controlled regulation of gene expression in plant systems. The source also frames plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal as historical barriers to plant optogenetics, with recent progress enabling such applications.
Source:
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Source:
present successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants
Published Workflows
Objective: Develop photoresponsive molecular tools suitable for clinical light-based applications.
Why it works: The review states that envisioned clinical scenarios are used to define the properties photoresponsive tools should possess, then discusses optimization of photochemical parameters and pharmacological aspects needed for medical deployment.
light responsivenesstranslation of photonic stimulus into biological effectcontrol of biological functionapplication-scenario-driven property specificationphotochemical parameter optimizationpharmacological property optimization
Stages
- 1.Define clinical application scenarios(decision_gate)
The review first describes envisioned clinical scenarios and uses them to determine what properties photoresponsive tools should have.
Selection: envisioned clinical practice scenarios
- 2.Optimize photochemical parameters(functional_characterization)
The abstract states that optimization of key photochemical parameters is necessary to enable application in the medical field.
Selection: key photochemical performance parameters
- 3.Assess pharmacological suitability(secondary_characterization)
The review gives an outlook on toxicity, solubility, and stability, indicating that these properties are important translational constraints for light-responsive molecules.
Selection: pharmacological aspects relevant to translation
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A composed arrangement of multiple parts that instantiates one or more mechanisms.
Techniques
No technique tags yet.
Target processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
Implementation is supported in plant systems and relies on light as the input modality. The source notes retinal absence as a barrier in plants, but the provided evidence does not specify how this was addressed for particular photoswitch constructs or which components, wavelengths, or expression strategies were used for gene-expression control.
The available evidence is limited to high-level application statements in plants and does not provide quantitative performance metrics, molecular identities, kinetics, dynamic range, or reversibility for the photoswitches. The source also indicates that plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were important barriers in establishing plant optogenetics.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Recent work has used green light-gated ion channels to control plant growth and cellular motion.
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Recent work has used green light-gated ion channels to control plant growth and cellular motion.
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Recent work has used green light-gated ion channels to control plant growth and cellular motion.
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Recent work has used green light-gated ion channels to control plant growth and cellular motion.
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Recent work has used green light-gated ion channels to control plant growth and cellular motion.
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Recent work has used green light-gated ion channels to control plant growth and cellular motion.
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Recent work has used green light-gated ion channels to control plant growth and cellular motion.
We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light-gated ion channels
Single or combined photoswitches have been successfully applied for light-controlled gene expression in plants.
present successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Approval Evidence
4 sources12 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug photoswitches
successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants
Source:
The review explicitly highlights visible-light photoswitches as a mechanistic/component class within scope.
Source:
Light-based therapeutic and imaging modalities, which emerge in clinical applications, rely on molecular tools, such as photocleavable protecting groups and photoswitches that respond to photonic stimulus and translate it into a biological effect.
Source:
A related method-synthetic optogenetics-bridges this gap by endowing light sensitivity to endogenous neuronal receptors and channels by the appending of synthetic, light-receptive molecules, or photoswitches.
Source:
adoption barriersupports
Plant dependence on light and the absence of retinal were barriers to establishing plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties.
Source:
application summarysupports
Single or combined photoswitches have been successfully applied for light-controlled gene expression in plants.
present successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants
Source:
capability summarysupports
Light input can be switched on or off and tuned in intensity and duration to provide noninvasive, spatiotemporally resolved control of cellular processes.
Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner.
Source:
field adoption summarysupports
Optogenetic tools have been widely successful in multiple model organisms but have been used relatively rarely in plants.
optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants
Source:
review scope summarysupports
Optogenetics uses natural or engineered photoreceptors in transgenic organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light.
Source:
modality in scopesupports
The review treats cyanine-based near-IR photocages, ruthenium PACT scaffolds, visible-light photoswitches, and RBC-based delivery/release systems as important phototherapeutic component classes.
Source:
review scopesupports
This review focuses on phototherapeutics responsive in the 600–900 nm optical window.
Source:
design requirementsupports
For medical application, key photoresponsive-tool parameters requiring optimization include activation wavelength, band separation, fatigue resistance, and half-life.
However, optimisation of their key parameters (activation wavelength, band separation, fatigue resistance and half-life) is necessary to enable application in the medical field.
Source:
review summarysupports
Emerging clinical light-based therapeutic and imaging modalities rely on photoresponsive molecular tools including photocleavable protecting groups and photoswitches.
Light-based therapeutic and imaging modalities, which emerge in clinical applications, rely on molecular tools, such as photocleavable protecting groups and photoswitches that respond to photonic stimulus and translate it into a biological effect.
Source:
translational constraintsupports
Pharmacological aspects including toxicity, solubility, and stability are important considerations for light-responsive molecules intended for medical use.
an outlook is given on pharmacological aspects (toxicity, solubility, and stability) of light-responsive molecules.
Source:
application scopesupports
Synthetic optogenetics provides a means to photoregulate neuronal receptors and channels and access their native signaling mechanisms in select neuronal regions such as the synapse.
This provides the means to photoregulate neuronal receptors and channels and tap into their native signaling mechanisms in select regions of the neurons, such as the synapse.
Source:
method capabilitysupports
Synthetic optogenetics endows endogenous neuronal receptors and channels with light sensitivity by appending synthetic light-receptive molecules or photoswitches.
A related method-synthetic optogenetics-bridges this gap by endowing light sensitivity to endogenous neuronal receptors and channels by the appending of synthetic, light-receptive molecules, or photoswitches.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The main demonstrated strength is successful implementation in plants for light-controlled gene expression using either single switches or combinations of photoswitches. The evidence further supports that plant optogenetic control can extend to growth and cellular motion through green light-gated ion channels.
Ranked Citations
- 1.