Toolkit/RNA interference
RNA interference
Also known as: RNAi
Taxonomy: Technique Branch / Method. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
RNA interference (RNAi) was used in the Madeira cockroach to reduce expression of the circadian clock genes per, tim1, and cry2 by dsRNA injection. In this study, single injections produced persistent target mRNA knockdown within about two weeks and enabled analysis of resulting locomotor rhythm phenotypes.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
This method is useful for perturbing specific endogenous genes in the Madeira cockroach and linking molecular knockdown to circadian behavioral outputs. The cited study used RNAi to test the contribution of individual clock genes to rhythmic activity and circadian period control.
Problem solved
It addresses the problem of how to experimentally reduce specific clock gene expression in a non-model insect to probe circadian clock function. In the reported application, RNAi enabled functional testing of per, tim1, and cry2 without requiring permanent genetic modification.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Technique Branch
Method: A concrete method used to build, optimize, or evolve an engineered system.
Target processes
editingrecombinationselectiontranscriptionImplementation Constraints
The reported implementation used dsRNA injection targeting individual clock genes in the Madeira cockroach. Knockdown was assessed at the mRNA level and became evident within about two weeks; the available evidence does not provide additional construct, dose, or delivery optimization details.
The evidence is limited to one study in the Madeira cockroach and to knockdown of three circadian genes. The report indicates that neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone was essential, so the method as applied here did not by itself establish complete loss of rhythmicity or broader generality across genes, tissues, or species.
Validation
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
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The reviewed targeted gene-silencing systems are applied in eukaryotes including plants and animals.
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Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
The data were consistent with two synchronized groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading morning oscillator and a lagging evening oscillator, coupled via mutual inhibition.
Data were consistent with two synchronized main groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading (morning) oscillator, or a lagging (evening) oscillator that couple via mutual inhibition.
The data were consistent with two synchronized groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading morning oscillator and a lagging evening oscillator, coupled via mutual inhibition.
Data were consistent with two synchronized main groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading (morning) oscillator, or a lagging (evening) oscillator that couple via mutual inhibition.
The data were consistent with two synchronized groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading morning oscillator and a lagging evening oscillator, coupled via mutual inhibition.
Data were consistent with two synchronized main groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading (morning) oscillator, or a lagging (evening) oscillator that couple via mutual inhibition.
The data were consistent with two synchronized groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading morning oscillator and a lagging evening oscillator, coupled via mutual inhibition.
Data were consistent with two synchronized main groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading (morning) oscillator, or a lagging (evening) oscillator that couple via mutual inhibition.
The data were consistent with two synchronized groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading morning oscillator and a lagging evening oscillator, coupled via mutual inhibition.
Data were consistent with two synchronized main groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading (morning) oscillator, or a lagging (evening) oscillator that couple via mutual inhibition.
The data were consistent with two synchronized groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading morning oscillator and a lagging evening oscillator, coupled via mutual inhibition.
Data were consistent with two synchronized main groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading (morning) oscillator, or a lagging (evening) oscillator that couple via mutual inhibition.
The data were consistent with two synchronized groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading morning oscillator and a lagging evening oscillator, coupled via mutual inhibition.
Data were consistent with two synchronized main groups of coupled oscillator cells, a leading (morning) oscillator, or a lagging (evening) oscillator that couple via mutual inhibition.
Modelling suggests an additional negative feedback exists next to Rm-PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests that there is an additional negative feedback next to Rm´PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests an additional negative feedback exists next to Rm-PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests that there is an additional negative feedback next to Rm´PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests an additional negative feedback exists next to Rm-PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests that there is an additional negative feedback next to Rm´PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests an additional negative feedback exists next to Rm-PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests that there is an additional negative feedback next to Rm´PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests an additional negative feedback exists next to Rm-PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests that there is an additional negative feedback next to Rm´PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests an additional negative feedback exists next to Rm-PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests that there is an additional negative feedback next to Rm´PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests an additional negative feedback exists next to Rm-PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Modelling suggests that there is an additional negative feedback next to Rm´PER in cockroach morning oscillator cells.
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
CRISPR and RNA interference are relevant screening modalities associated with this review's topic of genetic screening approaches.
OpenAlex concepts include "RNA interference" and "CRISPR"; title includes "genetic screening approaches".
Gene therapy can result in stable or inducible transgene expression and can allow nearly specific expression in target cells.
HSV-1-derived viral vectors are presented as potential tools for simultaneous delivery and expression of multiple transgene cassettes.
Cell-specific and inducible promoters allow gene products to be expressed only in specific cells and allow control of transcriptional activation.
DREADDs are presented as systems allowing spatial or temporal control of expression in CNS disease applications.
RNA interference is presented as a post-transcriptional regulation system applied to CNS diseases.
CRISPR/Cas9 and zinc finger proteins are included as gene-editing technologies relevant to CNS disease applications.
Approval Evidence
This work reviews the main progress achieved through transgenesis, induced mutagenesis, and precision gene editing, highlighting the role of tools such as RNAi...
Source:
This review covers latest approaches, such as genome editing with CRISPR, targeting susceptibility genes, RNA interference (RNAi), and multi-omics approaches
Source:
This review summarizes current research on innovative molecular approaches, including... RNA interference (RNAi) for soybean improvement.
Source:
In this review, we describe current and developing therapeutic strategies that include viral vector-based gene delivery, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and RNA interference methods, stem cell transplantation, and genome editing technologies.
Source:
Gene therapies such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), RNA interference (RNAi), CRISPR, and virus-based delivery systems have played crucial roles in discovering and validating new pain targets.
Source:
including RNA interference (RNAi)
Source:
OpenAlex concepts associated with this review include "RNA interference"; the review title explicitly emphasizes genetic screening approaches.
Source:
With RNA interference (RNAi) we examined an ancient circadian clockwork
Source:
we will describe the applications to CNS diseases of post-transcriptional regulation systems (RNA interference)
Source:
Silencing negative regulatory genes such as CIF1 and AIP2 can elevate soybean seed protein content.
Recent studies demonstrate that the silencing of negative regulatory genes, such as CIF1 and AIP2, can elevate the protein content of seeds
Source:
RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, and AlphaFold2-guided gene editing are used to modify genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and storage proteins in soybean.
This work reviews the main progress achieved through transgenesis, induced mutagenesis, and precision gene editing, highlighting the role of tools such as RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, and AlphaFold2-guided gene editing in modifying genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and storage proteins.
Source:
RNA interference modulates gene expression in soybean to optimize nutritional properties and stress responses.
Source:
These molecular breeding approaches overcome limitations of traditional methods by shortening the breeding cycle and allowing simultaneous improvement of multiple traits.
Source:
Current and developing therapeutic strategies for neurodegeneration include viral vector-based gene delivery, antisense oligonucleotide and RNA interference methods, stem cell transplantation, and genome editing technologies.
In this review, we describe current and developing therapeutic strategies that include viral vector-based gene delivery, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and RNA interference methods, stem cell transplantation, and genome editing technologies.
Source:
Genome editing with CRISPR, RNA interference, and multi-omics approaches can facilitate real-time surveillance and breeding for enhanced resilience.
Source:
The reviewed targeted gene-silencing systems are applied in eukaryotes including plants and animals.
Source:
The review considers advantages and disadvantages of each targeted gene-silencing approach, compares their effectiveness, and discusses usage peculiarities in plant and animal organisms.
Source:
The review describes RNA interference, chimeric transcription factors, chimeric zinc finger proteins, TALE-based repressors, optogenetic tools, and CRISPR/Cas-based repressors as main systems for targeted suppression of gene expression.
Source:
Gene-therapy modalities including ASOs, RNAi, CRISPR, and virus-based delivery systems have played crucial roles in discovering and validating new pain targets.
Source:
Although gene therapy-based clinical trials have increased, trials focused on pain as the primary outcome remain uncommon.
Source:
Most cockroaches remained rhythmically active after each clock gene knockdown, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Unexpectedly, circadian locomotor activity of most cockroaches remained rhythmic for each clock gene knockdown employed. It expressed weakened rhythms and unchanged periods for Rm´perRNAi and shorter periods for Rm´tim1RNAi and Rm´cry2RNAi.
Source:
Single dsRNA injections against each clock gene successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks.
Single injections of dsRNA of each clock gene into adult cockroaches successfully and permanently knocked down respective mRNA levels within ~two weeks
Source:
Neither per, tim1, nor cry2 alone is an essential component of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach.
Neither per, nor tim1, nor cry2 alone are essential components of the molecular circadian clockwork in the Madeira cockroach
Source:
CRISPR and RNA interference are relevant screening modalities associated with this review's topic of genetic screening approaches.
OpenAlex concepts include "RNA interference" and "CRISPR"; title includes "genetic screening approaches".
Source:
RNA interference is presented as a post-transcriptional regulation system applied to CNS diseases.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
Single dsRNA injections successfully and permanently knocked down the respective mRNA levels within about two weeks. The perturbations were informative at the phenotype level: most animals remained rhythmic, with weakened rhythms after per RNAi and shorter periods after tim1 RNAi and cry2 RNAi.
Ranked Citations
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