Source 1primary paper2019
Toolkit/scintillator-mediated optogenetics
scintillator-mediated optogenetics
Taxonomy: Technique Branch / Method. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics is an engineering method in which implanted Ce:GAGG microparticles convert X-ray irradiation into scintillation light that activates red-shifted opsins. In mice, this enabled wireless modulation of neural activity at tissue depth, including bidirectional control of midbrain dopamine neurons and associated place preference behavior.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
This method is useful for optogenetic control in deep tissue where conventional external light delivery is limited by poor penetration and hardware invasiveness. The reported platform provides less invasive, wireless control of cellular and neural functions in living animals through X-ray-induced scintillation.
Source:
Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior.
Problem solved
It addresses the problem of delivering sufficient light to opsin-expressing cells located deep in tissue without tethered optical fibers or other more invasive light-delivery hardware. The cited study specifically used Ce:GAGG microparticles to transduce X-rays into local light for in vivo activation and inhibition of neurons in freely moving mice.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Technique Branch
Method: A concrete method used to build, optimize, or evolve an engineered system.
Techniques
Structural CharacterizationTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
Implementation involved injectable, chronically implantable Ce:GAGG microparticles and X-ray irradiation to generate scintillation in situ. Functional output depended on expression of compatible red-shifted opsins, specifically ChRmine for activation and GtACR1 for inhibition, in the target cells.
The supplied evidence is centered on a single 2019 study and primarily documents performance with Ce:GAGG microparticles and the opsins ChRmine and GtACR1 in mice. The provided material does not detail dose constraints, spatial resolution, long-term functional stability beyond chronic implantation, or validation in other species or cell types.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Observations
successMouseapplication demomouse
Inferred from claim c4 during normalization. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Derived from claim c4. Quoted text: Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
successMouseapplication demomouse
Inferred from claim c4 during normalization. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Derived from claim c4. Quoted text: Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
successMouseapplication demomouse
Inferred from claim c4 during normalization. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Derived from claim c4. Quoted text: Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
successMouseapplication demomouse
Inferred from claim c4 during normalization. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Derived from claim c4. Quoted text: Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
successMouseapplication demomouse
Inferred from claim c4 during normalization. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Derived from claim c4. Quoted text: Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
successMouseapplication demomouse
Inferred from claim c4 during normalization. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Derived from claim c4. Quoted text: Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
successMouseapplication demomouse
Inferred from claim c4 during normalization. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Derived from claim c4. Quoted text: Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Ce:GAGG could effectively activate the red-shifted opsins ChRmine and GtACR1 under X-ray-induced scintillation.
Ce-doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 (Ce:GAGG), could effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins, ChRmine and GtACR1, respectively.
Ce:GAGG microparticles were non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing chronic implantation.
Ce:GAGG microparticles were non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing for chronic implantation.
Injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles enabled X-ray-driven activation and inhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior.
Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior.
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Approval Evidence
1 source2 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug scintillator-mediated-optogenetics
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions
Source:
platform capabilitysupports
Scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at tissue depth in living animals.
Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals
Source:
xray dose tolerabilitysupports
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
Ce:GAGG microparticles effectively activated the red-shifted opsins ChRmine and GtACR1 under X-ray-induced scintillation. The particles were reported as non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, permitting chronic implantation, and the approach achieved bidirectional behavioral modulation through activation or inhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice.
Ranked Citations
- 1.