Source 1primary paper2013PLoS Biology
Toolkit/TMT-opsins
TMT-opsins
Also known as: TMT-Opsins
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Component. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
TMT-opsins are vertebrate nonvisual photopigments identified in brain interneurons and motorneurons, including cells co-expressing VAL-opsins. Reported expression patterns and isolated adult tectal slice physiology associate TMT-opsin-expressing neuronal populations with intrinsic light responsiveness in the fish brain.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
TMT-opsins are useful as markers and candidate mediators of intrinsic photosensitivity in vertebrate brain circuits outside the eye. The cited study links them to deep brain photosensory interneurons and motorneurons, supporting investigation of nonvisual light sensing in neural systems.
Source:
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
Problem solved
TMT-opsins help address the problem of identifying molecular photopigments associated with light-responsive neurons in the vertebrate brain. The evidence specifically supports their use in studying ancient photosensory inter- and motorneuronal cell types in fish.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Component: A low-level protein part used inside a larger architecture that realizes a mechanism.
Techniques
Directed EvolutionTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
The cited evidence concerns endogenous expression in vertebrate brain cells and light responses in isolated adult tectal slices. Practical implementation details such as construct design, required retinal chromophore, expression system, delivery strategy, or stimulation wavelengths are not provided in the supplied material.
The supplied evidence is limited to a single 2013 study and does not provide direct molecular or biophysical characterization of TMT-opsin phototransduction properties. No wavelength dependence, chromophore requirements, kinetics, heterologous expression data, or causal gain-of-function/perturbation experiments are described here. The evidence also does not support directed evolution or engineered optimization.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
Approval Evidence
1 source6 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug tmt-opsins
We investigated two groups of nonvisual photopigments, VAL- and TMT-Opsins
Source:
cellular light responsivenesssupports
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Source:
coexpressionsupports
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
Source:
evolutionary interpretationsupports
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
Source:
expression localizationsupports
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
Source:
functional effectsupports
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
Source:
spectral responsesupports
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The available evidence connects TMT-opsins to defined neuronal populations and to light responsiveness observed in isolated adult tectal slices. Co-expression with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons strengthens their association with nonvisual photosensory cell types. The study also places these cells in an evolutionary framework as ancient sensory-inter-motorneuronal units.
Ranked Citations
- 1.