Source 1review2021Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
Toolkit/up-conversion phosphors
up-conversion phosphors
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Up-conversion phosphors are material-based light-delivery harnesses used to enable remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals. They are being explored as wireless, less invasive approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
These phosphor-based systems are useful because they support remote optical control without relying on conventional fiber optics placed close to the target tissue. The cited literature frames them as a less invasive strategy for optogenetic manipulation in the brain and other tissues.
Problem solved
This approach addresses the invasiveness and practical difficulty of conventional optogenetics, which commonly uses fiber optics positioned near the target and is described as highly invasive and problematic. Up-conversion phosphors are explored as an alternative remote light-delivery method for optogenetic stimulation.
Problem links
The summary describes remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity using conversion phosphors, which is mechanistically relevant to less direct optical access to neural tissue. This could help with modulation in deeper tissue, but the provided evidence is limited to living animals and does not establish suitability for human brain interfacing.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A delivery strategy grouped with the mechanism branch because it determines how a system is instantiated and deployed in context.
Mechanisms
remote optical stimulationremote optical stimulationup-conversion luminescenceup-conversion luminescenceTechniques
No technique tags yet.
Target processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: externally suppliedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: delivery
Implementation is described only at the level of material-based remote light delivery integrated with neuroscience for optogenetic control in living animals. The supplied evidence does not report construct design requirements, cofactors, expression systems, or specific administration and placement methods for the phosphors.
The provided evidence does not specify particular phosphor compositions, excitation wavelengths, emission spectra, delivery routes, or quantitative performance metrics. Independent replication, breadth across cell types or tissues, and comparative efficacy versus standard optical hardware are not established from the supplied sources.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Conventional optogenetics commonly uses fiber optics placed close to the target, which is highly invasive and problematic.
Conventional optogenetics employs fiber optics inserted close to the target, which is highly invasive and poses various problems for researchers.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Microbial rhodopsins used for optogenetics are sensitive to visible light.
Microbial rhodopsins widely used for optogenetics are sensitive to light in the visible spectrum.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Visible light delivered externally does not reach deep tissue effectively because it is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue.
As visible light is heavily scattered and absorbed by tissue, stimulating light for optogenetic control does not reach deep in the tissue irradiated from outside the subject body.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Approval Evidence
1 source3 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug up-conversion-phosphors
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Source:
design goalsupports
These phosphor-based remote optogenetic methods are being explored as less invasive, wireless approaches for controlling cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
The development of these methodologies has stimulated researchers to test novel strategies for less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions in the brain and other tissues.
Source:
remote control capabilitysupports
Up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activity in living animals.
Recent advances in material science integrated with neuroscience have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals using up- or down-conversion phosphors.
Source:
translational statussupports
Current phosphor-enabled remote optogenetic technologies still have limitations and require further development toward non-invasive clinical applications.
Here, we review recent reports related to these new technologies and discuss the current limitations and future perspectives toward the establishment of non-invasive optogenetics for clinical applications.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The available evidence indicates that up- or down-conversion phosphors have enabled remote optogenetic control of neuronal activities in living animals. Their principal stated advantage is wireless, less invasive optical control relative to implanted or closely positioned fiber-optic hardware.
Compared with down-conversion phosphors
up-conversion phosphors and down-conversion phosphors address a similar problem space.
Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared mechanisms: remote optical stimulation; same primary input modality: light
Compared with drug inducible lentiviral and transposon vectors
up-conversion phosphors and drug inducible lentiviral and transposon vectors address a similar problem space.
Shared frame: same top-level item type; same primary input modality: light
Strengths here: may avoid an exogenous cofactor requirement.
Compared with Near-infrared-light activatable nanoparticles
up-conversion phosphors and Near-infrared-light activatable nanoparticles address a similar problem space.
Shared frame: same top-level item type; same primary input modality: light
Ranked Citations
- 1.