Source 1primary paper2013PLoS Biology
Toolkit/VAL-opsins
VAL-opsins
Also known as: VAL-Opsins
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Component. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
VAL-opsins are vertebrate nonvisual photopigments identified in brain tissue and studied in the context of photosensory interneurons and motorneurons. The cited evidence links VAL-opsin-positive neuronal populations to light-responsive tectal interneurons and to co-expression with TMT-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
VAL-opsins are useful as molecular markers and candidate sensory components for studying extra-retinal light detection in vertebrate neural circuits. The cited work specifically supports their association with brain neurons that are light responsive or that co-express another nonvisual opsin class, TMT-opsins.
Source:
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
Problem solved
This tool helps address the problem of identifying molecularly defined neuronal populations that may mediate intrinsic light sensitivity within the vertebrate brain. The cited study uses VAL-opsin expression, together with TMT-opsin co-expression, to uncover photosensory interneurons and motorneurons relevant to evolutionary interpretations of neural circuit organization.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Component: A low-level protein part used inside a larger architecture that realizes a mechanism.
Techniques
Directed EvolutionTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
The available evidence places VAL-opsins in vertebrate brain neurons, including tectal interneuron populations and motorneurons, but does not specify construct design, cofactors, delivery methods, or expression systems. Practical implementation details for experimental reuse are therefore largely missing from the supplied source.
The supplied evidence is limited to a single 2013 study and does not provide direct mechanistic characterization of VAL-opsin photochemistry, signaling partners, spectral sensitivity, or causal sufficiency for light responses. No engineering, optimization, or heterologous deployment data are provided, so utility as an applied optogenetic tool is not established from the cited evidence.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
Interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices.
Finally, we show by electrophysiological recordings on isolated adult tectal slices that interneurons in the position of typeXIV neurons respond to light.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsin subclasses are specifically expressed in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors and also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, including typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-Opsin subclasses are specifically expressed not only in hypothalamic and thalamic deep brain photoreceptors, but also in interneurons and motorneurons with no known photoreceptive function, such as the typeXIV interneurons of the fish optic tectum.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
We further show that TMT-Opsins and Encephalopsin render neuronal cells light-sensitive.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin and show subclass-specific response kinetics.
TMT-Opsins preferentially respond to blue light relative to rhodopsin, with subclass-specific response kinetics.
Approval Evidence
1 source2 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug val-opsins
We investigated two groups of nonvisual photopigments, VAL- and TMT-Opsins
Source:
coexpressionsupports
TMT-opsins co-express with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons.
We discovered that tmt-opsins co-express with val-opsins, known green light receptors, in distinct inter- and motorneurons.
Source:
evolutionary interpretationsupports
The findings support sensory-inter-motorneurons as ancient units for brain evolution.
Our work supports "sensory-inter-motorneurons" as ancient units for brain evolution.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-backed strengths
The evidence connects VAL-opsins to a concrete physiological context: interneurons in the position of type XIV neurons respond to light in isolated adult tectal slices. A further strength is the reported co-expression of TMT-opsins with VAL-opsins in distinct interneurons and motorneurons, which supports a defined cellular distribution within vertebrate brain tissue.
Ranked Citations
- 1.