Toolkit Items

ChR2(C128A) is a C128A step-function mutant of channelrhodopsin-2 used as a light-responsive protein domain for prolonged optogenetic activation. The supplied evidence indicates that it is unsuitable for chronic neuronal stimulation but is useful for light-controlled induction of immediate early genes, including c-fos promoter-driven protein expression with precise timing and single-cell specificity.

We developed transgenic mice expressing optical actuators, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) ... in smooth muscle actin (SMA)-negative mural cells that lack the machinery for SMA-mediated vasoregulation.

Recent studies have used bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) protein under the control of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter (ChAT-ChR2-EYFP) to dissect cholinergic circuit connectivity and function using optogenetic approaches.

The web research summary states that the anchor paper full text explicitly names CheRiff as the engineered channelrhodopsin actuator spectrally orthogonal to QuasAr indicators.

ChR2(C128S) is a step-function channelrhodopsin variant identified as one of several step-function opsins considered in a 2022 theoretical optogenetics study. In that study, it is modeled in co-expression with the fast channelrhodopsin ChETA to support sustained neuronal switching and improved spiking performance.

Chronos is a channelrhodopsin construct used for optical excitation of neurons. In the cited 2014 Nature Methods work, it is presented with Chrimson as a complementary optogenetic pair for two-color activation of distinct neural populations, enabling independent spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in mouse brain slice without detectable cross-talk.

In this study, we used channelrhodopsin (ChR2), an optogenetic actuator, to control AgRP neuronal activity. We created a transgenic line, Tg(AgRP1:ChR2-Kaede), where ChR2-Kaede is expressed in AgRP1 neurons.

Here we report the 2.7 Å-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of a ChR from Klebsormidium nitens (KnChR), which is one of the most blue-shifted ChRs.

We particularly focus on light-based defibrillation strategies that represent one of the latest achievements in this field.

we activated choline acetyltransferase expressing neurons using channelrhodopsin while recording post-synaptic currents (PSCs) in layer 1 interneurons

Red-shifted opsins, including ReaChR and ChrimsonR, reduced phototoxicity by enabling activation under longer wavelengths... Key milestones include the first partial vision restoration in a human patient using ChrimsonR with light-amplifying goggles

ChETA-SFO co-expression strategy is a multi-component optogenetic design that co-expresses a fast channelrhodopsin with a step-function opsin to improve neuronal optical switching. In a 2022 theoretical study, this approach was proposed to support sustained low-power, high-frequency, high-fidelity spiking by combining fast channelrhodopsin-driven excitation with sustained step-function opsin photocurrent.

The Thy-1.2 promoter-regulated ChR2 transgenic rat construct pattern is a transgenic rat system in which channelrhodopsin-2 is expressed specifically in retinal ganglion cells under control of the Thy-1.2 promoter. It enables light-driven activation of these cells and was associated with behavior-related visual responses after native photoreceptor degeneration.

we injected a Cre-dependent virus coding for channelrhodopsin-2 and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein

Initial outcomes suggest that optogenetic-based approaches hold the greatest potential and viability amongst optical techniques for application in the cochlea.

we generated a transgenic mouse line with Pf4-Cre-dependent expression of ChR2 XXM2.0, enabling optogenetic manipulation of anucleate blood platelets via light-triggered calcium signaling