Source 1primary paper2014Nature Communications
Toolkit/Archers
Archers
Also known as: Arch variants with enhanced radiance
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Archers are engineered archaerhodopsin (Arch) variants with enhanced radiance that function as genetically encoded voltage-sensitive fluorescent reporters. Under 655 nm illumination, the reported variants show 3–5-fold higher fluorescence and 55–99-fold lower photocurrents than wild-type Arch, and Archer1 additionally shows wavelength-dependent sensing and inhibitory actuation.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
Archers are useful as improved Arch-based voltage indicators because they increase fluorescence output while reducing photocurrent-associated perturbation relative to wild-type Arch. The source literature also reports proof-of-concept fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans, supporting use in neuronal preparations.
Source:
Archers are Arch variants engineered for enhanced radiance while retaining voltage-sensitive fluorescence behavior. The abstract presents them as improved Arch-based voltage indicators.
Source:
genetically encoded voltage sensing
Problem solved
These variants address the need for brighter genetically encoded voltage sensors based on Arch, while mitigating the undesired photocurrents associated with the parent rhodopsin. Archer1 further addresses the desire to combine optical voltage readout and optical inhibition in a wavelength-dependent manner within a single construct.
Source:
They address the need for improved genetically encoded voltage indicators by increasing fluorescence and reducing photocurrents relative to Arch WT.
Source:
improving fluorescence radiance of Arch-based voltage indicators
Source:
reducing photocurrents relative to Arch WT
Problem links
improving fluorescence radiance of Arch-based voltage indicators
LiteratureThey address the need for improved genetically encoded voltage indicators by increasing fluorescence and reducing photocurrents relative to Arch WT.
Source:
They address the need for improved genetically encoded voltage indicators by increasing fluorescence and reducing photocurrents relative to Arch WT.
reducing photocurrents relative to Arch WT
LiteratureThey address the need for improved genetically encoded voltage indicators by increasing fluorescence and reducing photocurrents relative to Arch WT.
Source:
They address the need for improved genetically encoded voltage indicators by increasing fluorescence and reducing photocurrents relative to Arch WT.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A reusable architecture pattern for arranging parts into an engineered system.
Mechanisms
light-driven ion transport associated with photocurrent generationvoltage-sensitive fluorescencewavelength-dependent functional switchingTechniques
No technique tags yet.
Target processes
recombinationInput: Light
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: sensor
Reported performance improvements were measured under 655 nm illumination, so red-light excitation is a key implementation condition in the supplied evidence. The tool is an Arch-derived genetically encoded construct used in mammalian and Caenorhabditis elegans neurons, implying heterologous expression in neuronal systems. For Archer1, functional mode depends on illumination wavelength, with red light used for voltage sensing and green light for inhibitory actuation.
The supplied evidence describes two variants and does not establish broad validation across many cell types, organisms, or experimental paradigms. Quantitative performance details are tied specifically to 655 nm illumination, and the evidence provided does not specify broader spectral, kinetic, or expression-dependent constraints. The in vivo application is described as proof of concept rather than comprehensive validation.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 has wavelength-specific dual functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Archer1 is capable of wavelength-specific functionality as a voltage sensor under red light and as an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
fluorescence increase versus Arch WT 3-5 foldphotocurrent reduction versus Arch WT 55-99 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Archer1 shows 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using lower light intensity than other Arch-based voltage sensors.
The most fluorescent variant, Archer1, has 25-40% fluorescence change in response to action potentials while using 9 times lower light intensity compared with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
fluorescence change in response to action potentials 25-40 %light intensity reduction versus other Arch-based voltage sensors 9 fold
Approval Evidence
1 source2 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug archers
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
Source:
in vivo applicationsupports
Arch-based sensors were shown as a proof of concept for fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
As a proof-of-concept for the application of Arch-based sensors in vivo, we show fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Source:
performance improvementsupports
Archers show increased fluorescence and reduced photocurrents relative to Arch WT under 655 nm light.
Here we report two Arch variants with enhanced radiance (Archers) that in response to 655 nm light have 3-5 times increased fluorescence and 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
The source contrasts Archers with Arch WT and with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
Source:
The source contrasts Archers with Arch WT and with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
Source-backed strengths
The reported Archers exhibit 3–5 times increased fluorescence and 55–99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT under 655 nm light. The literature describes validation in mammalian and Caenorhabditis elegans neurons, and reports proof-of-concept in vivo fluorescence voltage sensing in behaving C. elegans. Archer1 also has wavelength-specific dual functionality, acting as a voltage sensor under red light and an inhibitory actuator under green light.
Source:
3-5 times increased fluorescence compared with Arch WT
Source:
55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT
Compared with genetic probes for membrane potential monitoring
The source contrasts Archers with Arch WT and with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Strengths here: 3-5 times increased fluorescence compared with Arch WT; 55-99 times reduced photocurrents compared with Arch WT.
Source:
The source contrasts Archers with Arch WT and with other Arch-based voltage sensors.
Ranked Citations
- 1.