Source 1primary paper2025MED
Toolkit/blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging
blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging
Also known as: BOLD-fMRI
Taxonomy: Technique Branch / Method. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) revealed abnormal activity in a region of interest (ROI) that responded to analgesic medication adjustments.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
BOLD-fMRI was used to detect abnormal activity in a pain-related ROI and later to assess whether activity normalized after treatment. In this report, the ROI was anatomically consistent with the cingulum bundle.; identifying abnormal pain-related brain activity; selecting a region of interest for neuromodulation targeting; follow-up assessment of ROI activity normalization
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BOLD-fMRI was used to detect abnormal activity in a pain-related ROI and later to assess whether activity normalized after treatment. In this report, the ROI was anatomically consistent with the cingulum bundle.
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identifying abnormal pain-related brain activity
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selecting a region of interest for neuromodulation targeting
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follow-up assessment of ROI activity normalization
Problem solved
It provides an imaging-based way to localize a candidate target and monitor treatment-associated changes over time.; providing imaging-based ROI identification and longitudinal monitoring
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It provides an imaging-based way to localize a candidate target and monitor treatment-associated changes over time.
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providing imaging-based ROI identification and longitudinal monitoring
Problem links
providing imaging-based ROI identification and longitudinal monitoring
LiteratureIt provides an imaging-based way to localize a candidate target and monitor treatment-associated changes over time.
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It provides an imaging-based way to localize a candidate target and monitor treatment-associated changes over time.
Published Workflows
Objective: Use imaging-guided transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound to non-invasively modulate a deep pain-related brain region and relieve central post-stroke pain in a patient with inadequate prior treatment response.
Why it works: The abstract states that BOLD-fMRI identified an abnormal ROI that responded to analgesic medication adjustments, and this ROI was then targeted with tLIFU for deep stimulation, followed by clinical and imaging follow-up.
deep stimulation of an ROI anatomically consistent with the cingulum bundlemodulation of abnormal pain-related brain activityBOLD-fMRI-guided ROI identificationtranscranial low-intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulationlongitudinal clinical and imaging follow-up
Stages
- 1.ROI identification by BOLD-fMRI(functional_characterization)
This stage identifies a candidate brain region for intervention before applying tLIFU.
Selection: Abnormal ROI activity that responded to analgesic medication adjustments
- 2.tLIFU neuromodulation of the identified ROI(confirmatory_validation)
This stage tests whether non-invasive deep stimulation of the selected ROI is associated with pain relief.
Selection: Apply deep stimulation to the previously identified ROI
- 3.Longitudinal clinical and imaging follow-up(confirmatory_validation)
This stage checks whether the observed benefit persists and whether imaging and medication outcomes align with clinical improvement.
Selection: Sustained pain relief, medication reduction, absence of adverse events, and normalized ROI activity
Steps
- 1.Perform BOLD-fMRI to identify an abnormal ROI responsive to analgesic medication adjustmentsassay used for target identification
Localize a patient-specific pain-related target before neuromodulation.
The abstract states that the ROI finding motivated subsequent tLIFU targeting.
- 2.Apply tLIFU to deeply stimulate the identified ROIneuromodulation intervention
Test whether non-invasive deep stimulation of the selected ROI reduces pain.
It follows ROI identification because the imaging result provided the target for stimulation.
- 3.Monitor pain, medication use, adverse events, emotional state, and repeat BOLD-fMRI during follow-upfollow-up assay
Determine whether benefit is durable, safe, and associated with ROI activity normalization.
Follow-up is needed after treatment to assess sustained efficacy and safety rather than only immediate response.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Technique Branch
Method: A concrete measurement method used to characterize an engineered system.
Mechanisms
blood oxygenation level-dependent contrastfunctional activity mappinglongitudinal imaging-based monitoringTechniques
Functional AssayTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Magnetic
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationoperating role: sensor
The method requires functional MRI acquisition and analysis to identify and track ROI activity patterns.; requires fMRI imaging capability; requires interpretation of ROI activity changes
The abstract does not show that BOLD-fMRI alone proves mechanism or predicts response in broader patient populations.; the abstract does not provide acquisition or analysis details; evidence is limited to one case
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Observations
successHuman Clinicaltherapeutic usehuman
Inferred from claim c5 during normalization. At 150-day follow-up, BOLD-fMRI showed a normalized activity pattern in the treated region of interest. Derived from claim c5.
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follow up time(150 days)
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
At 150-day follow-up, BOLD-fMRI showed a normalized activity pattern in the treated region of interest.
follow up time 150 days
BOLD-fMRI identified an abnormal region of interest responsive to analgesic medication adjustments, and this ROI was used to guide tLIFU targeting.
Approval Evidence
1 source2 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug blood-oxygenation-level-dependent-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging
Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) revealed abnormal activity in a region of interest (ROI) that responded to analgesic medication adjustments.
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imaging changesupports
At 150-day follow-up, BOLD-fMRI showed a normalized activity pattern in the treated region of interest.
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imaging guided targetingsupports
BOLD-fMRI identified an abnormal region of interest responsive to analgesic medication adjustments, and this ROI was used to guide tLIFU targeting.
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Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
No direct imaging alternative is named in the abstract.
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No direct imaging alternative is named in the abstract.
Source-backed strengths
linked ROI activity to analgesic medication adjustments; used both before and after treatment in this case
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linked ROI activity to analgesic medication adjustments
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used both before and after treatment in this case
Compared with imaging
No direct imaging alternative is named in the abstract.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Strengths here: linked ROI activity to analgesic medication adjustments; used both before and after treatment in this case.
Relative tradeoffs: the abstract does not provide acquisition or analysis details; evidence is limited to one case.
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No direct imaging alternative is named in the abstract.
Compared with imaging surveillance
No direct imaging alternative is named in the abstract.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Strengths here: linked ROI activity to analgesic medication adjustments; used both before and after treatment in this case.
Relative tradeoffs: the abstract does not provide acquisition or analysis details; evidence is limited to one case.
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No direct imaging alternative is named in the abstract.
Ranked Citations
- 1.