Source 1review2020Biophysical Reviews
Toolkit/Cr_ChR2
Cr_ChR2
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Cr_ChR2 is a light-gated cation channel from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii used in optogenetics to activate neuronal excitability. The supplied evidence describes it as the first and most widely applied channelrhodopsin and as a benchmark comparator for newer light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR4.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
Cr_ChR2 is useful as an established optogenetic actuator for light-driven activation of neuronal function. The evidence also indicates that its extensive use and mechanistic study make it a well-characterized reference standard for comparing newer cation channel tools.
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Cr_ChR2 is a light-gated cation channel used in optogenetics to activate neuronal excitability. In this review it serves as the benchmark comparator for Gt_CCR4.
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optogenetics
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activating neuronal excitability
Problem solved
Cr_ChR2 helps solve the problem of controlling neuronal excitability with light in optogenetic experiments. It also addresses the need for a benchmark channelrhodopsin against which alternative light-gated cation channels can be evaluated.
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It enables light-based activation of neuronal function and is presented as the established optogenetic standard. Its extensive mechanistic study also makes it a well-characterized reference point.
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provides a widely applied light-gated cation channel for neuronal activation
Problem links
provides a widely applied light-gated cation channel for neuronal activation
LiteratureIt enables light-based activation of neuronal function and is presented as the established optogenetic standard. Its extensive mechanistic study also makes it a well-characterized reference point.
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It enables light-based activation of neuronal function and is presented as the established optogenetic standard. Its extensive mechanistic study also makes it a well-characterized reference point.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A reusable architecture pattern for arranging parts into an engineered system.
Techniques
Structural CharacterizationTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: actuator
Use of Cr_ChR2 requires optical illumination in an optogenetic setup. Beyond its origin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its use for neuronal activation, the supplied evidence does not specify construct architecture, cofactors, expression systems, or delivery methods.
The provided review-based evidence indicates that Cr_ChR2 has lower light sensitivity than Gt_CCR4. It also states that Cr_ChR2 does not match Gt_CCR4 in Na+ selectivity and primarily conducts H+, but the supplied evidence does not provide quantitative electrophysiological parameters or broader validation details.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Under physiological conditions, Gt_CCR4 conducts almost no H+ and no Ca2+.
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
Na+ selectivity ratio increase versus Cr ChR2 37
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
Approval Evidence
1 source4 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug cr-chr2
A light-gated cation channel, Cr_ChR2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is the first and mostly applied to optogenetics for activating neuronal excitability.
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comparative propertysupports
Gt_CCR4 has a channel open lifetime in the same range as Cr_ChR2.
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comparative propertysupports
Gt_CCR4 has significantly higher light sensitivity than Cr_ChR2.
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ion selectivitysupports
Gt_CCR4 shows high Na+ selectivity, with a Na+ selectivity ratio 37-fold larger than that of Cr_ChR2.
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mechanistic distinctnesssupports
Cryptophyte-type light-gated cation channels such as Gt_CCR family members are structurally and mechanistically distinct from chlorophyte channelrhodopsins such as Cr_ChR2.
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Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
Gt_CCR4 is the direct alternative emphasized in the review. Other Guillardia theta cation channelrhodopsins are also mentioned as related alternatives.
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Gt_CCR4 is the direct alternative emphasized in the review. Other Guillardia theta cation channelrhodopsins are also mentioned as related alternatives.
Source-backed strengths
The supplied evidence identifies Cr_ChR2 as the first and most widely applied channelrhodopsin in optogenetics, supporting its status as a mature reference tool. Comparative evidence further indicates that its channel open lifetime is in the same range as Gt_CCR4, reinforcing its use as a benchmark in functional comparisons.
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first and mostly applied to optogenetics for activating neuronal excitability
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molecular mechanism has been intensively studied
Compared with Gt_CCR4
Gt_CCR4 is the direct alternative emphasized in the review. Other Guillardia theta cation channelrhodopsins are also mentioned as related alternatives.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Strengths here: first and mostly applied to optogenetics for activating neuronal excitability; molecular mechanism has been intensively studied.
Relative tradeoffs: lower light sensitivity than Gt_CCR4; primarily conducts H+.
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Gt_CCR4 is the direct alternative emphasized in the review. Other Guillardia theta cation channelrhodopsins are also mentioned as related alternatives.
Ranked Citations
- 1.