Source 1primary paper2026MED
Toolkit/KCR1-C29D
KCR1-C29D
Also known as: KCR1-C29D mutant
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Among tested variants, the KCR1-C29D mutant shows a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination. While other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, KCR1-C29D consistently provides robust in vivo inhibition across cell types, illumination conditions, and species.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
KCR1-C29D is a K+-selective channelrhodopsin variant used for optogenetic inhibition. The abstract states that it maintains a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination and thereby supports robust in vivo inhibition.; reliable optogenetic inhibition of neuronal activity; in vivo silencing across cell types, illumination conditions, and species
Source:
KCR1-C29D is a K+-selective channelrhodopsin variant used for optogenetic inhibition. The abstract states that it maintains a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination and thereby supports robust in vivo inhibition.
Source:
reliable optogenetic inhibition of neuronal activity
Source:
in vivo silencing across cell types, illumination conditions, and species
Problem solved
It addresses activation drift in KCR optogenetics, where prolonged illumination can shift ion selectivity toward Na+ and undermine inhibition. The paper presents stabilized ion selectivity as the key design feature enabling more reliable silencing.; correcting activation drift caused by ion selectivity shift toward Na+ during prolonged illumination; improving reliability of KCR-based neural silencing
Source:
It addresses activation drift in KCR optogenetics, where prolonged illumination can shift ion selectivity toward Na+ and undermine inhibition. The paper presents stabilized ion selectivity as the key design feature enabling more reliable silencing.
Source:
correcting activation drift caused by ion selectivity shift toward Na+ during prolonged illumination
Source:
improving reliability of KCR-based neural silencing
Problem links
correcting activation drift caused by ion selectivity shift toward Na+ during prolonged illumination
LiteratureIt addresses activation drift in KCR optogenetics, where prolonged illumination can shift ion selectivity toward Na+ and undermine inhibition. The paper presents stabilized ion selectivity as the key design feature enabling more reliable silencing.
Source:
It addresses activation drift in KCR optogenetics, where prolonged illumination can shift ion selectivity toward Na+ and undermine inhibition. The paper presents stabilized ion selectivity as the key design feature enabling more reliable silencing.
improving reliability of KCR-based neural silencing
LiteratureIt addresses activation drift in KCR optogenetics, where prolonged illumination can shift ion selectivity toward Na+ and undermine inhibition. The paper presents stabilized ion selectivity as the key design feature enabling more reliable silencing.
Source:
It addresses activation drift in KCR optogenetics, where prolonged illumination can shift ion selectivity toward Na+ and undermine inhibition. The paper presents stabilized ion selectivity as the key design feature enabling more reliable silencing.
Published Workflows
Objective: Identify or evaluate KCR variants that provide reliable optogenetic inhibition without illumination-dependent activation drift.
Why it works: The abstract states that both the absolute K+ to Na+ permeability ratio and its stability over time determine whether KCRs remain inhibitory or transition toward activation, so comparing variants on these properties is expected to identify more reliable inhibitory tools.
maintaining K+ selectivity during prolonged illuminationpreventing inhibition-to-activation transition caused by Na+ selectivity driftbehavioral analysiselectrophysiological analysiscomparative variant testing
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A reusable architecture pattern for arranging parts into an engineered system.
Mechanisms
light-gated ion conductionpotassium-selective ion permeationstabilized ion selectivity during illuminationTechniques
Computational DesignTarget processes
No target processes tagged yet.
Input: Light
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: actuator
The tool is used under illumination in behavioral and electrophysiological analyses in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. Its function depends on optogenetic expression and light delivery, but the abstract does not provide further implementation details.; performance depends on maintaining K+ over Na+ selectivity during illumination
Needs compatible illumination hardware and optical access. Independent follow-up evidence is still limited. Validation breadth across biological contexts is still narrow. Independent reuse still looks limited, so the evidence base may be fragile. No canonical validation observations are stored yet, so context-specific performance remains under-specified.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Among tested variants, KCR1-C29D has a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination.
Among tested variants, the KCR1-C29D mutant shows a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination
Stability of ion selectivity is a design criterion for next-generation optogenetic tools.
These findings highlight the stability of ion selectivity as a design criterion and provide guidance for the design of next generation optogenetic tools
KCR1-C29D consistently provides robust in vivo inhibition across cell types, illumination conditions, and species, whereas other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses.
While other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, KCR1-C29D consistently provides robust in vivo inhibition across cell types, illumination conditions, and species
Approval Evidence
1 source3 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug kcr1-c29d
Among tested variants, the KCR1-C29D mutant shows a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination. While other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, KCR1-C29D consistently provides robust in vivo inhibition across cell types, illumination conditions, and species.
Source:
comparative performancesupports
Among tested variants, KCR1-C29D has a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination.
Among tested variants, the KCR1-C29D mutant shows a relatively high and the most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination
Source:
design principlesupports
Stability of ion selectivity is a design criterion for next-generation optogenetic tools.
These findings highlight the stability of ion selectivity as a design criterion and provide guidance for the design of next generation optogenetic tools
Source:
in vivo performancesupports
KCR1-C29D consistently provides robust in vivo inhibition across cell types, illumination conditions, and species, whereas other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses.
While other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, KCR1-C29D consistently provides robust in vivo inhibition across cell types, illumination conditions, and species
Source:
Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
The abstract contrasts KCRs with chloride-conducting channels as inhibitory optogenetic tools. It also notes that other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, in contrast to KCR1-C29D.
Source:
The abstract contrasts KCRs with chloride-conducting channels as inhibitory optogenetic tools. It also notes that other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, in contrast to KCR1-C29D.
Source-backed strengths
relatively high K+ to Na+ permeability ratio; most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination among tested variants; robust in vivo inhibition across multiple contexts
Source:
relatively high K+ to Na+ permeability ratio
Source:
most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination among tested variants
Source:
robust in vivo inhibition across multiple contexts
Compared with optogenetic
The abstract contrasts KCRs with chloride-conducting channels as inhibitory optogenetic tools. It also notes that other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, in contrast to KCR1-C29D.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Strengths here: relatively high K+ to Na+ permeability ratio; most stable K+ to Na+ permeability ratio during illumination among tested variants; robust in vivo inhibition across multiple contexts.
Source:
The abstract contrasts KCRs with chloride-conducting channels as inhibitory optogenetic tools. It also notes that other KCR variants often evoke excitatory responses, in contrast to KCR1-C29D.
Ranked Citations
- 1.