Source 1primary paper2016Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Toolkit/modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator
modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator
Also known as: muscle actuator
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
we created a modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator that can generate up to 300 µN (0.56 kPa) of active tension force in response to a noninvasive optical stimulus
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
This bioactuator uses light to trigger force generation from skeletal muscle in a modular format. The abstract presents it as the core actuation unit for adaptive biological machines.; light-triggered actuation; skeletal muscle-powered biohybrid machine design
Source:
This bioactuator uses light to trigger force generation from skeletal muscle in a modular format. The abstract presents it as the core actuation unit for adaptive biological machines.
Source:
light-triggered actuation
Source:
skeletal muscle-powered biohybrid machine design
Problem solved
It solves the need for precisely targeted, controllable actuation in skeletal muscle-powered biohybrid machines without direct invasive stimulation.; provides noninvasive optical control of skeletal muscle actuation in a modular biohybrid actuator
Source:
It solves the need for precisely targeted, controllable actuation in skeletal muscle-powered biohybrid machines without direct invasive stimulation.
Source:
provides noninvasive optical control of skeletal muscle actuation in a modular biohybrid actuator
Problem links
provides noninvasive optical control of skeletal muscle actuation in a modular biohybrid actuator
LiteratureIt solves the need for precisely targeted, controllable actuation in skeletal muscle-powered biohybrid machines without direct invasive stimulation.
Source:
It solves the need for precisely targeted, controllable actuation in skeletal muscle-powered biohybrid machines without direct invasive stimulation.
Published Workflows
Objective: Forward engineer adaptive biological machines with nonnatural functional behaviors by combining light-controlled skeletal muscle actuation with a flexible bio-bot chassis.
Why it works: The abstract presents a modular light-controlled muscle actuator that produces force in response to optical stimulation, and states that coupling this actuator to a flexible 3D printed skeleton converts that force into controllable locomotion and steering.
light-controlled skeletal muscle actuationmechanical coupling of muscle actuator to flexible skeletonmodular design3D printed flexible skeleton couplingoptical stimulation
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A reusable architecture pattern for arranging parts into an engineered system.
Mechanisms
force generation by skeletal muscle actuationlight-triggered muscle contractionoptogenetic activationTechniques
No technique tags yet.
Target processes
recombinationInput: Light
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: regulator
The system requires a noninvasive optical stimulus and skeletal muscle-based actuator material. Locomotion applications additionally require coupling to a bio-bot skeleton.; requires optical stimulation; requires coupling to a physical machine architecture for locomotion outputs
The abstract does not show that the actuator alone provides full machine-level functionality without a coupled skeleton or broader multicellular integration.; abstract does not specify molecular optogenetic construct details or operating constraints
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
The muscle actuators dynamically adapted to their surroundings by adjusting performance in response to exercise training stimuli.
When coupled to a 3D printed flexible bio-bot skeleton, the muscle actuators drove directional locomotion at 310 µm/s (1.3 body lengths/min).
locomotion speed 310 µm/slocomotion speed 1.3 body lengths/min
When coupled to a 3D printed flexible bio-bot skeleton, the muscle actuators enabled precisely targeted and controllable 2D rotational steering at 2°/s.
2D rotational steering rate 2 °/s
The modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator generated up to 300 µN (0.56 kPa) of active tension force in response to a noninvasive optical stimulus.
active tension force 300 µNactive tension stress 0.56 kPa
Approval Evidence
1 source4 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug modular-light-controlled-skeletal-muscle-powered-bioactuator
we created a modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator that can generate up to 300 µN (0.56 kPa) of active tension force in response to a noninvasive optical stimulus
Source:
adaptationsupports
The muscle actuators dynamically adapted to their surroundings by adjusting performance in response to exercise training stimuli.
Source:
applicationsupports
When coupled to a 3D printed flexible bio-bot skeleton, the muscle actuators drove directional locomotion at 310 µm/s (1.3 body lengths/min).
Source:
applicationsupports
When coupled to a 3D printed flexible bio-bot skeleton, the muscle actuators enabled precisely targeted and controllable 2D rotational steering at 2°/s.
Source:
performancesupports
The modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator generated up to 300 µN (0.56 kPa) of active tension force in response to a noninvasive optical stimulus.
Source:
Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
The source contrasts this advance implicitly with earlier biological materials that respond to surroundings but does not explicitly name alternative actuator platforms in the abstract.
Source:
The source contrasts this advance implicitly with earlier biological materials that respond to surroundings but does not explicitly name alternative actuator platforms in the abstract.
Source-backed strengths
noninvasive optical stimulus control; reported active tension generation up to 300 µN
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noninvasive optical stimulus control
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reported active tension generation up to 300 µN
Compared with Opto-Casp8-V2
modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator and Opto-Casp8-V2 address a similar problem space because they share recombination.
Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared target processes: recombination; same primary input modality: light
Compared with pcVP16
modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator and pcVP16 address a similar problem space because they share recombination.
Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared target processes: recombination; same primary input modality: light
modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator and phase-separation-engineered optogenetic synthetic transcription factors address a similar problem space because they share recombination.
Shared frame: same top-level item type; shared target processes: recombination; same primary input modality: light
Ranked Citations
- 1.