Toolkit Items

A stimulus triggers a structural change that exposes a previously hidden functional element. Current coverage includes 23 architectures and 25 components. Representative components include AsLOV2, Avena sativa LOV2 domain variants, and Avena sativa phototropin LOV2 domain.

23 architectures · 25 components

A stimulus triggers targeted degradation of a protein via the proteasome or other pathways. Current coverage includes 18 architectures and 10 components. Representative components include Arabidopsis CRY2, LOV2 domain-based optogenetic tool, and LOVdeg tag.

18 architectures · 10 components

A protein binds DNA in a stimulus-dependent manner to regulate gene expression. Current coverage includes 2 architectures and 1 component. Representative components include AsLOV2-Jα.

2 architectures · 1 components

Two different proteins are brought together by a stimulus, enabling recruitment or complex formation. Current coverage includes 70 architectures and 30 components. Representative components include Aer PAS domain, Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2, and CIB1 N-terminal CRY2-binding region.

70 architectures · 30 components

A protein is recruited to a membrane surface (e.g. plasma membrane) by a stimulus. Current coverage includes 13 architectures and 3 components. Representative components include light activated nuclear shuttle (LANS) domain, light-inducible nuclear localization signal, and light-inducible nuclear localization signals.

13 architectures · 3 components

A protein self-associates into multimers upon stimulation, enabling clustering or activation. Current coverage includes 27 architectures and 9 components. Representative components include Arabidopsis CRY2, Arabidopsis CRY2 photosensory domain, and BcLOV4 photoreceptor.

27 architectures · 9 components

Light breaks a covalent bond, irreversibly releasing a caged peptide or domain. Current coverage includes 22 architectures and 14 components. Representative components include 2A sequence, HeFSpCas9, and LHCII N-terminal domain.

22 architectures · 14 components

A protein or RNA element binds RNA to control translation or stability. Current coverage includes 9 architectures and 3 components. Representative components include RNA aptamer, caged guide RNA, and hypoxanthine switch.

9 architectures · 3 components

Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA translation rate or efficiency. Current coverage includes 16 architectures and 9 components. Representative components include 2A sequence, LOVdeg tag, and human opsins.

16 architectures · 9 components

In silico design of protein sequences, structures, or circuits using algorithms or machine learning. Current coverage includes 80 concrete methods.

80 methods

Iterative mutagenesis and selection to evolve improved biological parts. Current coverage includes 5 concrete methods.

5 methods

Measuring the activity or performance of an engineered part in a biological context. Current coverage includes 160 concrete methods.

160 methods

Experimental selection from a library to enrich for variants with desired properties. Current coverage includes 26 concrete methods.

26 methods

Confirming construct identity by Sanger or next-generation sequencing. Current coverage includes 8 concrete methods.

8 methods

Determining 3D structure via X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, or NMR. Current coverage includes 26 concrete methods.

26 methods