Toolkit Items

Browse the toolkit beneath workflows. The mechanism branch runs mechanism -> architecture -> component, while the technique branch runs from high-level approaches down to concrete methods.

30 items matching 1 filter

Mechanism Branch

Layer 1

Mechanisms

Top-level concepts: biophysical action modes such as heterodimerization, photocleavage, or RNA binding.

Layer 2

Architectures

Arrangements that realize or deploy mechanisms, including switches, construct patterns, and delivery strategies.

Layer 3

Components

Low-level parts and sequence-defined elements used inside architectures, including protein domains and RNA elements.

Technique Branch

Layer 1

Approaches

High-level engineering practices such as computational design, directed evolution, sequence verification, and functional assay.

Layer 2

Methods

Concrete methods used to design, build, verify, or characterize engineered systems.

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reversible photoswitching

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opto-nanobodies

Multi-Component Switch

Opto-nanobodies (OptoNBs) are chimeric photoswitchable nanobody-based proteins whose binding to proteins of interest is enhanced or inhibited by blue light illumination. They function as a reversible, multi-component light-controlled binding switch for regulating protein interactions.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep
Ev 37Rep 20Pr 49

DRONPA-s system

Construct Pattern

The system is based on the fluorescent protein DRONPA-s, which can be switched on and off repeatedly by illumination with different light qualities. Using transgenic 35S::DRONPA-s Arabidopsis thaliana and a confocal microscope it was possible to activate DRONPA-s fluorescence in selected cells of the root meristem.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep
Ev 28Rep 9Pr 59

LIGHTNING

Assay Method

The Nature Communications publisher page for the anchor paper states that the reported strategy is named Light-tunable tIme-gated readinG-out of pHotocycles for mulTiplexed fluorescence ImagiNG (LIGHTNING). The abstract describes the strategy as introducing extra kinetic dimensions through illuminations of reversibly photoswitchable fluorophores at different light intensities to recover kinetic fingerprints for label discrimination.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep
Ev 28Rep 9Pr 59

Web research summary lists rsEGFP as an RSFP used in superresolution workflows and explicitly discusses it in RESOLFT approaches.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep
Ev 14Rep 9Pr 71

azobenzene-incorporated polymers and surfaces

Construct Pattern

This review describes polymers and surfaces that have been prepared recently that incorporate azobenzene groups, and some of the interesting physical and chemical properties that can be switched reversibly as a result.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep
Ev 20Rep 9Pr 59

light-inducible nuclear localization signal

Protein Domain

LINuS is a small genetically encoded protein domain for optogenetic control of subcellular localization. When fused to a protein of interest at either the N terminus or C terminus, it reversibly drives nuclear import in response to blue light.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep
Ev 12Rep 9Pr 59

Web research summary identifies Dreiklang as a mechanistically distinct RSFP; a high-signal source is described as "A reversibly photoswitchable GFP-like protein with fluorescence excitation decoupled from switching."

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep

In the present article, we review the various systems that have been developed for controlling protein functions with light based on vertebrate rhodopsins, plant photoregulatory proteins and, most recently, the photoswitchable fluorescent protein Dronpa.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep

opto-CD28-REACT

Multi-Component Switch

We engineered opto-CD28-REACT, a recombinant protein comprising an anti-CD28 single-chain variable fragment, GFP, and phytochrome-interacting factor 6 (PIF6). This construct binds CD28 and thereby attaches PIF6 to CD28. Upon red light (630 nm) illumination, PIF6 binds to PhyB tetramer-coated beads, triggering CD28 signaling that can be attenuated by far-red light (780 nm) in 2 min.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep

photoswitch-incorporated oligonucleotides

Protein Domain

Molecular photoswitches have been incorporated in oligonucleotides for 20 years, and the field has currently grown beyond fundamental studies on photochemistry of the switches and DNA duplex stability, and is moving towards applications in chemical biology, nanotechnology and material science. In this comprehensive review, the key strategies for photoswitch inclusion in oligonucleotides are presented and illustrated with recent examples.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep

The web research summary states that the 2015 Scientific Reports article describes CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of fluorescent tags at endogenous loci in living human cells for RESOLFT imaging, using the reversibly switchable fluorescent protein rsEGFP2.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep

spironaphtopyran-rhodamine FRET dyad

Multi-Component Switch

The best-performing switch was incorporated into a FRET dyad with a rhodamine fluorophore, which exhibits robust, reversible switching between fluorescent and photoacoustic-dominant states with excellent contrast in vitro.

CFBacMamMusHumTxRep
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