Browse the toolkit beneath workflows. The mechanism branch runs mechanism -> architecture -> component, while the technique branch runs from high-level approaches down to concrete methods.
49 items matching 1 filter
Mechanism Branch
Layer 1
Mechanisms
Top-level concepts: biophysical action modes such as heterodimerization, photocleavage, or RNA binding.
Layer 2
Architectures
Arrangements that realize or deploy mechanisms, including switches, construct patterns, and delivery strategies.
Layer 3
Components
Low-level parts and sequence-defined elements used inside architectures, including protein domains and RNA elements.
Technique Branch
Layer 1
Approaches
High-level engineering practices such as computational design, directed evolution, sequence verification, and functional assay.
Layer 2
Methods
Concrete methods used to design, build, verify, or characterize engineered systems.
Showing 1-49 of 49
Next-generation CAR designs, such as cytokine-armed CAR-T cells, may enhance T cell infiltration and persistence despite the suppressive TME.
CARmacrophages (CAR-M) ... not only phagocytose tumor cells and present antigens but also remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Key innovations in engineered NK cell therapies-including CAR-NK, cytokine armoring (e.g., IL-15), and bispecific/trispecific NK cell engagers (NKCEs)-are critically evaluated.
Chemogenetics is an engineering method in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity. It is used as a chemical-input strategy to manipulate protein or receptor function in cells and has also been used alongside optogenetics to perturb cellular structures such as specific microtubule subtypes.
The review delves into ongoing efforts in preclinical models, translational advancements, and emerging approaches such as dual-targeting CARs, armored CARs, and alternative co-stimulatory domains.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking modality in cancer immunotherapy... By genetically reprogramming autologous T-cells to express synthetic receptors targeting tumor-specific antigens, CAR T-cells can mediate robust antitumor responses.
The anchor paper states that the physical plasmid can be requested via Addgene 240494.
Chemokine receptor engineering enhances infiltration
Key innovations in engineered NK cell therapies-including CAR-NK, cytokine armoring (e.g., IL-15), and bispecific/trispecific NK cell engagers (NKCEs)-are critically evaluated.
Dual synthetic pathway and dual-ligand microfluidic tissue patterning is a synNotch-based material-to-cell signaling strategy in which mammalian cells carrying two distinct synthetic pathways are cultured on surfaces microfluidically patterned with two synNotch ligands. In the cited 2023 study, this configuration generated tissues containing up to three distinct cell phenotypes in user-defined spatial arrangements.
Fibronectin-conjugated synNotch ligand display is a material-to-cell signaling construct in which synNotch ligands such as GFP are conjugated to cell-generated extracellular matrix proteins through genetic engineering of fibronectin produced by fibroblasts. The resulting ECM-presented ligand can activate synthetic Notch receptors and induce prescribed transcriptional programs in mammalian cells.
The gelatin-linked synNotch ligand hydrogel platform is a material-to-cell signaling system in which synNotch ligands are covalently attached to gelatin polymers by enzymatic conjugation or click chemistry. These ligand-functionalized hydrogels activate synthetic Notch receptors in mammalian cells cultured on or within the material, enabling prescribed transcriptional responses and spatial control of cell phenotypes.
Particularly, HIV-1 Gag-based VLPs are one of the most described platforms for vaccine development, provided their ability for successful pseudotyping either by genetic engineering or click chemistry.
Material-to-cell synNotch ligand platforms are engineered biomaterial and extracellular matrix systems that present synNotch ligands to mammalian cells. In the reported 2023 implementation, ligands were covalently incorporated into gelatin hydrogels or into cell-generated fibronectin-containing extracellular matrix to activate synthetic Notch receptors and induce programmed transcriptional outputs.
Microcontact-printed synNotch ligand surface patterning is a material-based input strategy in which synNotch ligands are patterned onto surfaces to provide microscale spatial control of synNotch activation in cell monolayers. In the cited 2023 study, this approach was part of a broader programmable material-to-cell signaling platform built around synthetic Notch receptors.
The anchor paper names the final portable prototype SensAr.
In this study, we describe the use of genetically engineered OCs as a novel cell therapy approach to treat HO.
Channelrhodopsins are light-activated ion channels from algae used as optogenetic tools to control membrane potential. Reported channelrhodopsin variants conduct either cations or anions, enabling light-driven depolarization or hyperpolarization.
the co-expression of bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) to address antigen escape
Exosomes derived from chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells preserve antigen specificity and cytotoxic components without the risks of uncontrolled proliferation or cytokine release, offering a safer class of cell free immunotherapies.
These include engineered expression of ... cytokine-releasing constructs (such as IL-12 and IL-18) to reshape the local immune milieu and improve T-cell effector function.
Advances in genetic engineering, hybrid vesicle design, and nanotechnology have extended exosome applications to the delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems, chemotherapeutic agents, immunoregulatory RNAs, and vaccines, with liposome or nanoparticle integration enhancing targeting and efficacy.
Elucidation of the spatiotemporal nature of the hormone network can be accomplished by using genetically engineered biosensors.
Through genetic engineering, antigenic peptides up to 91 amino acids in length can be densely displayed at the N-terminal β-hairpin (AB loop) of the coat protein.
Various manipulations to increase basal (constitutive) receptor activity have been explored, such as construction and expression of constitutively active mutant receptors (CAM). CAM receptors show higher agonist-independent activity and have been reported for various receptor subtypes. Since CAM receptors have a higher basal receptor activity, the effect of inverse agonists is more readily observed.
biosensors are based on fluorescence of transcriptional reporters, degron-based sensors, or receptor-based sensors.
biosensors are based on fluorescence of transcriptional reporters, degron-based sensors, or receptor-based sensors.
biosensors are based on fluorescence of transcriptional reporters, degron-based sensors, or receptor-based sensors.
we focus on recent activation strategies of ultrasound for sonogenetics and gas vesicles, including sono-thermal promoter switch
we focus on recent activation strategies of ultrasound for sonogenetics and gas vesicles, including sono-thermal promoter switch, sono-thermal transient receptor potential channel
Focused ultrasound (FUS) offers a non-invasive alternative capable of achieving localized and deep tissue heating, enabling precise activation of genetically engineered cells through heat-responsive promoters, a strategy termed thermal sonogenetics.
the gas vesicles (GVs) expressed in GVs-E. coli can effectively synergize to FUAS through their cavitation effect and perform USI
Defined oligomers of CENP-T are genetically engineered multimeric assemblies of the inner kinetochore protein CENP-T produced using two distinct systems in human cells. These higher-order CENP-T assemblies increase recruitment of outer kinetochore components and, when configured to mimic centromeric density, can induce functional cytoplasmic kinetochore-like particles.
Inducible, engineered myeloid precursors (iRANK cells) treated with a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) differentiated into TRAP+ multinucleated OCs and resorbed mineralized tissues in vitro.
the available toolbox (from mere actuators and reporters to novel multifunctional opto-chemogenetic tools)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a form of adoptive immunotherapy based on the genetic engineering of T lymphocytes.
Synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors are modular engineered receptors expressed in mammalian cells that detect signals presented by neighboring cells or ligand-bearing materials and activate prescribed transcriptional programs. In the cited work, synNotch was used as a programmable material-to-cell signaling interface for spatial control of cell phenotypes in multicellular constructs.
BACCS is a genetically engineered blue light-activated Ca2+ channel switch developed as an optogenetic tool for generating intracellular Ca2+ signals. It acts by opening Ca2+-selective ORAI ion channels in response to blue light and has been used to drive downstream cellular and physiological responses.
Optogenetic systems adapted to regulate gene expression are genetically engineered photosensing protein systems that respond to specific wavelengths of light to control molecular activities. The reviewed repertoire includes systems used to regulate gene expression in both unicellular and multicellular organisms, enabling high spatial and temporal precision.
CAR-NK cell therapy, as an emerging immunotherapeutic approach, has demonstrated significant potential. CAR-NK cells recognize and eliminate tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptors (CARs).
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-therapy has emerged as an innovative strategy for cancer management with marked success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. The specific approach employs genetic engineering to redirect the specificity of immune cells, primarily T cells, through the exogenous expression of fully synthetic receptors, eventually arming them with the capacity to recognize tumor associated antigens (TAA).
Recent technological advances-such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based cytokine pathway editing...are reshaping adoptive immunotherapy.
The coat protein of the MS2 self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) with a diameter of 26 nm. These VLPs are devoid of the phage genome yet are efficiently recognized by the immune system, eliciting robust humoral and cellular immune responses. The structural characteristics of VLPs position them as a promising platform for the development of vaccines and diagnostic tools.
The anchor paper describes paper-based dehydrated bacterial modules.
This paper introduces a class of wireless implantable sensors that integrate genetically engineered cells capable of detecting specific molecules for continuous monitoring... We demonstrate a wireless link between a passive, cell-based sensor in a human body phantom and an external receiver.
the response of Escherichia coli is harnessed to trigger the controlled degradation of a passive microwave antenna, which is then monitored via backscatter communication
the bacteria are encapsulated in platelet-liposome hybrid membranes
further genetic engineering through CRISPR/Cas9- and TALEN-based approaches for genome editing will pave the way for successful clinical applications
we developed an ultrasound-controlled, gene-engineered bacterial delivery system in which the bacteria are encapsulated in platelet-liposome hybrid membranes