Source 1primary paper2023Neuron
Toolkit/PhNX
PhNX
Also known as: photoactivatable naloxone
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
we developed photoactivatable naloxone (PhNX)
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
PhNX is a photoactivatable naloxone variant developed for light-triggered opioid antagonism in vivo. In the abstract it is introduced as part of a bidirectional control strategy for endogenous opioid receptors.; light-triggered local opioid antagonism in vivo; bidirectional manipulation of endogenous opioid receptors when paired with a photoactivatable agonist
Source:
PhNX is a photoactivatable naloxone variant developed for light-triggered opioid antagonism in vivo. In the abstract it is introduced as part of a bidirectional control strategy for endogenous opioid receptors.
Source:
light-triggered local opioid antagonism in vivo
Source:
bidirectional manipulation of endogenous opioid receptors when paired with a photoactivatable agonist
Problem solved
It provides a way to inhibit endogenous opioid receptor signaling with spatial and temporal control using light.; supports optical control of endogenous opioid receptor inhibition in vivo
Source:
It provides a way to inhibit endogenous opioid receptor signaling with spatial and temporal control using light.
Source:
supports optical control of endogenous opioid receptor inhibition in vivo
Problem links
supports optical control of endogenous opioid receptor inhibition in vivo
LiteratureIt provides a way to inhibit endogenous opioid receptor signaling with spatial and temporal control using light.
Source:
It provides a way to inhibit endogenous opioid receptor signaling with spatial and temporal control using light.
Published Workflows
Objective: Enable site-specific, bidirectional manipulation of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo using systemically delivered inactive drugs that can be locally activated in the brain with light, while supporting neural and behavioral measurements.
Why it works: The abstract states that inactive caged opioid drugs can be administered systemically and then activated locally in the brain with light, which is presented as a way to achieve site-specific control while interfacing with neural recordings.
light-triggered activation of inactive opioid ligands in the brainagonist and antagonist control of endogenous opioid receptorssystemic administration of inactive caged drugslocal photoactivation in vivooptical recording of extracellular dopamine
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A reusable architecture pattern for arranging parts into an engineered system.
Techniques
No technique tags yet.
Target processes
recombinationInput: Light
Implementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: sensor
Use requires optical activation in vivo. The abstract does not provide further operational details.; requires light delivery for activation
The abstract does not provide direct performance data for PhNX across the same readouts described for PhOX.; the abstract does not report direct in vivo outcome details for PhNX comparable to those reported for PhOX
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Ranked Claims
Combining PhOX photoactivation with optical recording of extracellular dopamine revealed adaptations in opioid sensitivity of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry after chronic morphine administration.
Combining PhOX photoactivation with optical recording of extracellular dopamine revealed adaptations in the opioid sensitivity of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry in response to chronic morphine administration.
In vivo photopharmacology with caged opioid drugs is feasible and offers experimental advantages for brain studies.
we demonstrate the feasibility and experimental advantages of in vivo photopharmacology using "caged" opioid drugs
Photoactivation of PhOX in multiple brain areas produced local changes in receptor occupancy, brain metabolic activity, neuronal calcium activity, neurochemical signaling, and pain- and reward-related behaviors.
Photoactivation of PhOX in multiple brain areas produced local changes in receptor occupancy, brain metabolic activity, neuronal calcium activity, neurochemical signaling, and multiple pain- and reward-related behaviors.
This work establishes a general experimental framework for using in vivo photopharmacology to study the neural basis of drug action.
This work establishes a general experimental framework for using in vivo photopharmacology to study the neural basis of drug action.
The authors developed PhOX and PhNX as photoactivatable variants of oxymorphone and naloxone to enable bidirectional manipulation of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo.
To enable bidirectional manipulations of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo, we developed photoactivatable oxymorphone (PhOX) and photoactivatable naloxone (PhNX)
Approval Evidence
1 source1 linked approval claimfirst-pass slug phnx
we developed photoactivatable naloxone (PhNX)
Source:
tool developmentsupports
The authors developed PhOX and PhNX as photoactivatable variants of oxymorphone and naloxone to enable bidirectional manipulation of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo.
To enable bidirectional manipulations of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo, we developed photoactivatable oxymorphone (PhOX) and photoactivatable naloxone (PhNX)
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Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
The abstract contrasts the overall approach with traditional site-specific drug delivery methods and pairs PhNX with PhOX as the antagonist-side complement.
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The abstract contrasts the overall approach with traditional site-specific drug delivery methods and pairs PhNX with PhOX as the antagonist-side complement.
Source-backed strengths
presented as a photoactivatable antagonist complement to PhOX for bidirectional control
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presented as a photoactivatable antagonist complement to PhOX for bidirectional control
Compared with PhOX
The abstract contrasts the overall approach with traditional site-specific drug delivery methods and pairs PhNX with PhOX as the antagonist-side complement.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Strengths here: presented as a photoactivatable antagonist complement to PhOX for bidirectional control.
Relative tradeoffs: the abstract does not report direct in vivo outcome details for PhNX comparable to those reported for PhOX.
Source:
The abstract contrasts the overall approach with traditional site-specific drug delivery methods and pairs PhNX with PhOX as the antagonist-side complement.
Ranked Citations
- 1.