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Mechanism Concept

photoactivation

A mechanism-level grouping derived from the current toolkit evidence. Current coverage includes 16 architectures and 7 components. Across those tools, the main enabled capabilities are recombination, editing, and signaling. Representative components include Beggiatoa photoactivated adenylyl cyclase, PAiRFPs, and fluorescent reporter.

23 total items16 architectures7 components

Main enabled capabilities: recombination, editing, signaling.

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Architectures

16 of 16
synaptoPAC

synaptoPAC is a presynaptically targeted version of the photoactivated adenylyl cyclase bPAC developed as a light-responsive optogenetic tool for induction of presynaptic plasticity. It is reported to increase action potential-evoked transmission in some neuronal contexts, but this potentiation was not observed in non-granule hippocampal cultures or at Schaffer collateral synapses in CA1 acute slices.

bacteriorhodopsin

the molecular mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin, a light-driven H+ pump and the best studied microbial rhodopsin, is described.

Boolean logic gate

The Boolean logic gate is a construct pattern incorporated into a photoactivatable CRISPR/Cas9-inducible DNAzyme probe. In the reported system, it contributed to superior spatiotemporal control for dynamic imaging of nuclear Zn2+ in HeLa cells and mice.

doxycycline-dependent photoactivated gene expression

Doxycycline-dependent photoactivated gene expression is an engineering approach for controlling gene expression in eukaryotic systems using light in a doxycycline-dependent manner. The available evidence identifies it as a photoactivated inducible expression system but does not provide further construct-level or performance details.

PhNX

we developed photoactivatable naloxone (PhNX)

PhOX

we developed photoactivatable oxymorphone (PhOX)

SPACECAT

we developed SPACECAT-Spatially PhotoActivatable Color Encoded Cell Address Tags-to annotate, track, and isolate cells while preserving viability

split PAmCherry1 BiFC probe

We demonstrated that PAmCherry1, a photoactivatable fluorescent protein commonly used for PALM, can be used as a BiFC probe when split between residues 159 and 160 into two fragments.

tube-in-tube structure

The tube-in-tube structure is a construct pattern used as part of a combined diagnostic system with photoactivated CRISPR-Cas12a and recombinase polymerase amplification for visual detection of HPV16. In the cited study, the integrated system is triggered by 302 nm blue UV light and functions as a light-activated diagnostic format.

UV light-activatable immunostimulatory agent

The UV light-activatable immunostimulatory agent is a rationally designed component of an upconversion nanoparticle-based immunodevice for optical control of antitumor immunity. In the reported system, the agent is activated by UV light, and coupling to an upconversion nanoparticle shifts effective triggering into the near-infrared window for remote activation in vitro and in vivo.

PAiRFP1

The paper reports bacteriophytochrome-derived photoactivatable near-infrared fluorescent proteins PAiRFP1 and PAiRFP2 that use biliverdin and undergo far-red-light-induced conversion to a brighter fluorescent state.

PAiRFP2

The paper reports bacteriophytochrome-derived photoactivatable near-infrared fluorescent proteins PAiRFP1 and PAiRFP2 that use biliverdin and undergo far-red-light-induced conversion to a brighter fluorescent state.

doxycycline- and light-inducible Cre recombinase

DiLiCre is an optimized photoactivatable Cre recombinase system described as a doxycycline- and light-inducible Cre recombinase mouse model for optogenetic genome editing. It enables inducible Cre-mediated genome recombination in vivo, including light-induced mutagenesis and positional cell tracing by intravital microscopy.

PACR

Web research summary identifies PACR as an explicitly identified alternative optogenetic Ca2+ release tool within the review topic.

synthetic photoswitch

This knowledge has been applied in the design of synthetic photoswitches and fluorescent reporters with applications in cell biology and biotechnology.

Components

7 of 7
Beggiatoa photoactivated adenylyl cyclase

Beggiatoa photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (bPAC) is a blue light-activated optogenetic adenylyl cyclase used to generate cyclic AMP in cells. The cited studies used it to drive cAMP-dependent signaling, including PKA activation, to increase endogenous cortisol in a blue light-dependent manner, and to localize cAMP production to defined subcellular compartments such as the cilium.

two-photon-based functional nucleic acid probes

Two-photon-based functional nucleic acid probes are functional nucleic acid biosensing and imaging probes that operate through two-photon excitation or two-photon activation. Reported examples are positioned for biosensing and biomedical imaging, with claimed performance advantages over conventional one-photon functional nucleic acid probes.

fluorescent reporter

This knowledge has been applied in the design of synthetic photoswitches and fluorescent reporters with applications in cell biology and biotechnology.

iRFPs

Engineering advances (iRFPs, monomeric miRFPs, photoactivatable PAiRFPs) have improved brightness, stability, and genetic encodability for robust use in mammalian models.

miRFPs

Engineering advances (iRFPs, monomeric miRFPs, photoactivatable PAiRFPs) have improved brightness, stability, and genetic encodability for robust use in mammalian models.

PAiRFPs

Engineering advances (iRFPs, monomeric miRFPs, photoactivatable PAiRFPs) have improved brightness, stability, and genetic encodability for robust use in mammalian models.

ruthenium photocages

The review explicitly highlights ruthenium photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) scaffolds among the mechanistic/component classes in scope.