Toolkit/two-photon guided whole-cell recording

two-photon guided whole-cell recording

Assay Method·Research·Since 2014

Taxonomy: Technique Branch / Method. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.

Summary

Two-photon guided whole-cell recording is an emerging electrophysiological assay method identified as combinable with the optogenetic toolbox. In the cited epilepsy context, it is positioned for recording from defined cells while optogenetic perturbations are used to probe circuit function.

Usefulness & Problems

Why this is useful

This method is useful because it links whole-cell electrophysiology with optical guidance and can be integrated with optogenetic manipulations. The cited source frames this combination as a way to gain insight into neuronal network organization and synchronization in epilepsy models.

Problem solved

It helps address the problem of functionally interrogating specific cells within epileptic networks while applying optogenetic control. The available evidence indicates this role in general terms, but does not provide a detailed protocol or a specific demonstrated neuron-targeting workflow.

Problem links

Need precise spatiotemporal control with light input

Derived

Two-photon guided whole-cell recording is an emerging electrophysiological assay method described as combinable with the optogenetic toolbox. In the cited epilepsy context, it is used alongside optogenetic perturbation to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

Taxonomy & Function

Primary hierarchy

Technique Branch

Method: A concrete measurement method used to characterize an engineered system.

Target processes

No target processes tagged yet.

Input: Light

Implementation Constraints

cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationimplementation constraint: spectral hardware requirementoperating role: sensor

The method involves two-photon optical guidance and whole-cell patch-clamp recording, with possible combination with optogenetic photostimulation. The supplied evidence does not specify optical wavelengths, recording configuration details, animal models, expression systems, or construct design requirements.

The evidence is sparse and only states that the technique is emerging and combinable with optogenetics. No quantitative performance data, cell-type specificity metrics, preparation details, or independent validation studies are provided in the supplied evidence.

Validation

Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication

Supporting Sources

Ranked Claims

Claim 1astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 2astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 3astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 4astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 5astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 6astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 7astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 8astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 9astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 10astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 11astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 12astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 13astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 14astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 15astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 16astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 17astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 18astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 19astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 20astrocyte targeting applicationsupports2014Source 1needs review

Light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins are described as a way to selectively activate astrocytes to explore the influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function.

The influence of gliotransmission on epileptic network function is another topic of great interest that can be further explored by using light-activated Gq protein-coupled opsins for selective activation of astrocytes.
Claim 21broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 22broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 23broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 24broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 25broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 26broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 27broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 28broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 29broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 30broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 31broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 32broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 33broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 34broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 35broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 36broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 37broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 38broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 39broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 40broad capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin-3 are presented as potent optogenetic candidates for controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and for providing insights into neuronal network organization and synchronization.

The versatility and the electrophysiologic characteristics of the light-sensitive ion-channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), halorhodopsin (NpHR), and the light-sensitive proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) make these optogenetic tools potent candidates in controlling neuronal firing in models of epilepsy and in providing insights into the physiology and pathology of neuronal network organization and synchronization.
Claim 41combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 42combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 43combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 44combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 45combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 46combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 47combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 48combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 49combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 50combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 51combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 52combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 53combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 54combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 55combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 56combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 57combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 58combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 59combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 60combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 61combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 62combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 63combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 64combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 65combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 66combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 67combinatorial method usesupports2014Source 1needs review

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.
Claim 68seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 69seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 70seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 71seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 72seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 73seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 74seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 75seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 76seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 77seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 78seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 79seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 80seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 81seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 82seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 83seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 84seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 85seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 86seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 87seizure suppression capabilitysupports2014Source 1needs review

Optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic EEG activity upon photoactivation.

Finally, optogenetic tools allow rapid and reversible suppression of epileptic electroencephalography (EEG) activity upon photoactivation.
Claim 88selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 89selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 90selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 91selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 92selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 93selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 94selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 95selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 96selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 97selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 98selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 99selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 100selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 101selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 102selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 103selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 104selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 105selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 106selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.
Claim 107selective cell type controlsupports2014Source 1needs review

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including interneuron subclasses, to study activity patterns in distinct brain states and dissect roles in synchrony and seizures.

Opsins allow selective activation of excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, or subclasses of interneurons, to study their activity patterns in distinct brain-states in vivo and to dissect their role in generation of synchrony and seizures.

Approval Evidence

1 source1 linked approval claimfirst-pass slug two-photon-guided-whole-cell-recording
The abstract names two-photon guided whole-cell recording as an emerging technique that can be combined with the optogenetic toolbox.

Source:

combinatorial method usesupports

The optogenetic toolbox can be combined with juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording to help identify specific cortical and hippocampal neuron subtypes altered in epileptic networks.

The ever-growing optogenetic toolbox can also be combined with emerging techniques that have greatly expanded our ability to record specific subtypes of cortical and hippocampal neurons in awake behaving animals such as juxtacellular recording and two-photon guided whole-cell recording, to identify the specific subtypes of neurons that are altered in epileptic networks.

Source:

Comparisons

Source-backed strengths

A key strength is that the method is explicitly described as compatible with the optogenetic toolbox, enabling combined recording and light-based perturbation. The source also situates this combined approach within epilepsy research aimed at understanding altered network function and synchronization.

two-photon guided whole-cell recording and native green gel system address a similar problem space.

Shared frame: same top-level item type; same primary input modality: light

two-photon guided whole-cell recording and open-source microplate reader address a similar problem space.

Shared frame: same top-level item type; same primary input modality: light

two-photon guided whole-cell recording and plant transcriptome profiling address a similar problem space.

Shared frame: same top-level item type; same primary input modality: light

Ranked Citations

  1. 1.
    StructuralSource 1Epilepsia2014Claim 19Claim 20Claim 20

    Seeded from load plan for claim cl4. Extracted from this source document.