Source 1review2015International Journal of Ophthalmology & Eye Science
Toolkit/zinc finger nucleases
zinc finger nucleases
Also known as: ZFN, ZFNs, zinc finger nuclease
Taxonomy: Mechanism Branch / Architecture. Workflows sit above the mechanism and technique branches rather than replacing them.
Summary
Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are programmable site-specific nucleases that use customizable DNA-binding motifs to target specific genomic loci for genome manipulation. The supplied evidence also places ZFNs among molecular tools used to alter gene expression and documents their use for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Usefulness & Problems
Why this is useful
ZFNs are useful because they provide a programmable way to direct nuclease activity to defined genomic sites, enabling targeted genome editing. The evidence specifically supports utility in genome manipulation, gene knockout, and broader efforts to alter gene expression.
Source:
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
Source:
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Source:
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
Source:
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
Problem solved
ZFNs help solve the problem of making targeted modifications at specific genomic loci rather than relying on non-specific DNA manipulation. The cited literature frames them as an early genome-editing approach and reports their application to gene knockout in sea urchins.
Source:
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
Source:
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Source:
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
Problem links
enabling precise changes to DNA
LiteratureThey support genome editing approaches intended for treatment of inherited and acquired disorders.
Source:
They support genome editing approaches intended for treatment of inherited and acquired disorders.
programmable genome manipulation in molecular applications
LiteratureIn the review framing, ZFNs belong to the set of programmable nuclease approaches relevant to targeted genetic intervention.
Source:
In the review framing, ZFNs belong to the set of programmable nuclease approaches relevant to targeted genetic intervention.
Taxonomy & Function
Primary hierarchy
Mechanism Branch
Architecture: A reusable architecture pattern for arranging parts into an engineered system.
Mechanisms
site-specific dna binding via customizable dna-binding motifstargeted nuclease-mediated genome editingTarget processes
editingtranscriptionImplementation Constraints
cofactor dependency: cofactor requirement unknownencoding mode: genetically encodedimplementation constraint: context specific validationoperating role: regulator
Implementation details in the supplied evidence are limited to the fact that ZFNs rely on customizable DNA-binding motifs linked to nuclease function for targeting specific loci. No explicit information is provided here on nuclease domain composition, delivery format, cofactors, or expression systems.
The supplied evidence does not provide quantitative performance data, target range, off-target profiles, or construct-design requirements for ZFNs. It also includes a comparative statement that CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems became designer nucleases of choice because of easier design, lower cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency, implying a comparative disadvantage for ZFNs.
Validation
Cell-freeBacteriaMammalianMouseHumanTherapeuticIndep. Replication
Supporting Sources
Source 2review2017International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Source 3review2021Biology
Source 4primary paper2026MED
Source 5review2015Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics
Source 6primary paper2022Journal of Applied Life Sciences International
Source 7primary paper2026MED
Source 8review2017Briefings in Functional Genomics
Ranked Claims
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells.
CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems are described as designer nucleases of choice because of ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency.
The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems are described as designer nucleases of choice because of ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency.
The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems are described as designer nucleases of choice because of ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency.
The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems are described as designer nucleases of choice because of ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency.
The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems are described as designer nucleases of choice because of ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency.
The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems are described as designer nucleases of choice because of ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency.
The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems are described as designer nucleases of choice because of ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency.
The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
CRISPR and Cas proteins were identified as part of a microbial adaptive immune system that targets phage DNA to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and Cas proteins were identified as part of a microbial adaptive immune system that targets phage DNA to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and Cas proteins were identified as part of a microbial adaptive immune system that targets phage DNA to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and Cas proteins were identified as part of a microbial adaptive immune system that targets phage DNA to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and Cas proteins were identified as part of a microbial adaptive immune system that targets phage DNA to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and Cas proteins were identified as part of a microbial adaptive immune system that targets phage DNA to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and Cas proteins were identified as part of a microbial adaptive immune system that targets phage DNA to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection.
The review discusses various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation, including how CRISPR-controlled modification of DNA repair genes has advanced understanding of genome stability mechanisms.
In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
The review discusses various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation, including how CRISPR-controlled modification of DNA repair genes has advanced understanding of genome stability mechanisms.
In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
The review discusses various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation, including how CRISPR-controlled modification of DNA repair genes has advanced understanding of genome stability mechanisms.
In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
The review discusses various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation, including how CRISPR-controlled modification of DNA repair genes has advanced understanding of genome stability mechanisms.
In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
The review discusses various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation, including how CRISPR-controlled modification of DNA repair genes has advanced understanding of genome stability mechanisms.
In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
The review discusses various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation, including how CRISPR-controlled modification of DNA repair genes has advanced understanding of genome stability mechanisms.
In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
The review discusses various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation, including how CRISPR-controlled modification of DNA repair genes has advanced understanding of genome stability mechanisms.
In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Membrane-permeable vivo-MOs are described as enabling gene knockdown at later developmental stages in sea urchin studies.
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
Membrane-permeable vivo-MOs are described as enabling gene knockdown at later developmental stages in sea urchin studies.
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
Membrane-permeable vivo-MOs are described as enabling gene knockdown at later developmental stages in sea urchin studies.
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
Membrane-permeable vivo-MOs are described as enabling gene knockdown at later developmental stages in sea urchin studies.
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
Membrane-permeable vivo-MOs are described as enabling gene knockdown at later developmental stages in sea urchin studies.
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
Membrane-permeable vivo-MOs are described as enabling gene knockdown at later developmental stages in sea urchin studies.
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
Membrane-permeable vivo-MOs are described as enabling gene knockdown at later developmental stages in sea urchin studies.
The modification of MOs into a membrane-permeable form (vivo-MOs) has allowed gene knockdown at later developmental stages.
The biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences targeting potential, off-target cleavage spectrum, ease of use, and the types of recombination events produced at targeted double-strand breaks.
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
The biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences targeting potential, off-target cleavage spectrum, ease of use, and the types of recombination events produced at targeted double-strand breaks.
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
The biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences targeting potential, off-target cleavage spectrum, ease of use, and the types of recombination events produced at targeted double-strand breaks.
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
The biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences targeting potential, off-target cleavage spectrum, ease of use, and the types of recombination events produced at targeted double-strand breaks.
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
The biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences targeting potential, off-target cleavage spectrum, ease of use, and the types of recombination events produced at targeted double-strand breaks.
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
The biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences targeting potential, off-target cleavage spectrum, ease of use, and the types of recombination events produced at targeted double-strand breaks.
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
Targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined genomic locations greatly enhances DNA repair event rates relative to uncatalyzed events at the same sites.
By targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined locations, the rates of DNA repair events are greatly enhanced relative to un-catalyzed events at the same sites.
Targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined genomic locations greatly enhances DNA repair event rates relative to uncatalyzed events at the same sites.
By targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined locations, the rates of DNA repair events are greatly enhanced relative to un-catalyzed events at the same sites.
Targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined genomic locations greatly enhances DNA repair event rates relative to uncatalyzed events at the same sites.
By targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined locations, the rates of DNA repair events are greatly enhanced relative to un-catalyzed events at the same sites.
Targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined genomic locations greatly enhances DNA repair event rates relative to uncatalyzed events at the same sites.
By targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined locations, the rates of DNA repair events are greatly enhanced relative to un-catalyzed events at the same sites.
Targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined genomic locations greatly enhances DNA repair event rates relative to uncatalyzed events at the same sites.
By targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined locations, the rates of DNA repair events are greatly enhanced relative to un-catalyzed events at the same sites.
Targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined genomic locations greatly enhances DNA repair event rates relative to uncatalyzed events at the same sites.
By targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined locations, the rates of DNA repair events are greatly enhanced relative to un-catalyzed events at the same sites.
The review covers the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since publication of the sea urchin genome in 2006 and discusses applications and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in studying sea urchin development.
Here, we review the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since the publication of its genome in 2006. Various applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their potential in studying sea urchin development are also discussed.
The review covers the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since publication of the sea urchin genome in 2006 and discusses applications and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in studying sea urchin development.
Here, we review the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since the publication of its genome in 2006. Various applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their potential in studying sea urchin development are also discussed.
The review covers the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since publication of the sea urchin genome in 2006 and discusses applications and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in studying sea urchin development.
Here, we review the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since the publication of its genome in 2006. Various applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their potential in studying sea urchin development are also discussed.
The review covers the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since publication of the sea urchin genome in 2006 and discusses applications and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in studying sea urchin development.
Here, we review the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since the publication of its genome in 2006. Various applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their potential in studying sea urchin development are also discussed.
The review covers the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since publication of the sea urchin genome in 2006 and discusses applications and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in studying sea urchin development.
Here, we review the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since the publication of its genome in 2006. Various applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their potential in studying sea urchin development are also discussed.
The review covers the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since publication of the sea urchin genome in 2006 and discusses applications and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in studying sea urchin development.
Here, we review the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since the publication of its genome in 2006. Various applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their potential in studying sea urchin development are also discussed.
The review covers the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since publication of the sea urchin genome in 2006 and discusses applications and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in studying sea urchin development.
Here, we review the use of vivo-MOs and genome editing tools in sea urchin studies since the publication of its genome in 2006. Various applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and their potential in studying sea urchin development are also discussed.
The review focuses on diversity of nuclease domains for genome editing and on biochemical properties and applications best suited to each domain.
Here, we focus on the diversity of nuclease domains available for genome editing, highlighting biochemical properties and the potential applications that are best suited to each domain.
The review focuses on diversity of nuclease domains for genome editing and on biochemical properties and applications best suited to each domain.
Here, we focus on the diversity of nuclease domains available for genome editing, highlighting biochemical properties and the potential applications that are best suited to each domain.
The review focuses on diversity of nuclease domains for genome editing and on biochemical properties and applications best suited to each domain.
Here, we focus on the diversity of nuclease domains available for genome editing, highlighting biochemical properties and the potential applications that are best suited to each domain.
The review focuses on diversity of nuclease domains for genome editing and on biochemical properties and applications best suited to each domain.
Here, we focus on the diversity of nuclease domains available for genome editing, highlighting biochemical properties and the potential applications that are best suited to each domain.
The review focuses on diversity of nuclease domains for genome editing and on biochemical properties and applications best suited to each domain.
Here, we focus on the diversity of nuclease domains available for genome editing, highlighting biochemical properties and the potential applications that are best suited to each domain.
The review focuses on diversity of nuclease domains for genome editing and on biochemical properties and applications best suited to each domain.
Here, we focus on the diversity of nuclease domains available for genome editing, highlighting biochemical properties and the potential applications that are best suited to each domain.
Programmable site-specific nucleases including ZFNs, TALENs, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated proteins have enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9) have greatly enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Programmable site-specific nucleases including ZFNs, TALENs, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated proteins have enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9) have greatly enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Programmable site-specific nucleases including ZFNs, TALENs, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated proteins have enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9) have greatly enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Programmable site-specific nucleases including ZFNs, TALENs, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated proteins have enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9) have greatly enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Programmable site-specific nucleases including ZFNs, TALENs, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated proteins have enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9) have greatly enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Programmable site-specific nucleases including ZFNs, TALENs, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated proteins have enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9) have greatly enabled and accelerated genome editing.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide microinjection into the egg is described as the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Microinjection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) into the egg is the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide microinjection into the egg is described as the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Microinjection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) into the egg is the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide microinjection into the egg is described as the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Microinjection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) into the egg is the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide microinjection into the egg is described as the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Microinjection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) into the egg is the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide microinjection into the egg is described as the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Microinjection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) into the egg is the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide microinjection into the egg is described as the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Microinjection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) into the egg is the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide microinjection into the egg is described as the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
Microinjection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) into the egg is the most widely used approach for gene knockdown in sea urchin embryos.
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
CRISPR/Cas9 is described as a genome editing system that interrupts gene expression through cleavage of target DNA.
The bacterial Type II Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing system is the latest method of interrupting gene expression through cleavage of target DNA.
siRNAs are described as a method for transient downregulation of target gene expression through the RNA interference pathway.
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one method of transiently down regulating the expression of any target gene through the exploitation of the RNA interference pathway
siRNAs are described as a method for transient downregulation of target gene expression through the RNA interference pathway.
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one method of transiently down regulating the expression of any target gene through the exploitation of the RNA interference pathway
siRNAs are described as a method for transient downregulation of target gene expression through the RNA interference pathway.
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one method of transiently down regulating the expression of any target gene through the exploitation of the RNA interference pathway
siRNAs are described as a method for transient downregulation of target gene expression through the RNA interference pathway.
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one method of transiently down regulating the expression of any target gene through the exploitation of the RNA interference pathway
siRNAs are described as a method for transient downregulation of target gene expression through the RNA interference pathway.
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one method of transiently down regulating the expression of any target gene through the exploitation of the RNA interference pathway
siRNAs are described as a method for transient downregulation of target gene expression through the RNA interference pathway.
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one method of transiently down regulating the expression of any target gene through the exploitation of the RNA interference pathway
siRNAs are described as a method for transient downregulation of target gene expression through the RNA interference pathway.
Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one method of transiently down regulating the expression of any target gene through the exploitation of the RNA interference pathway
TALENs are described as artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double-stranded DNA, thereby interrupting expression of a target gene.
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double stranded DNA, thus interrupting the expression of any given target gene
TALENs are described as artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double-stranded DNA, thereby interrupting expression of a target gene.
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double stranded DNA, thus interrupting the expression of any given target gene
TALENs are described as artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double-stranded DNA, thereby interrupting expression of a target gene.
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double stranded DNA, thus interrupting the expression of any given target gene
TALENs are described as artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double-stranded DNA, thereby interrupting expression of a target gene.
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double stranded DNA, thus interrupting the expression of any given target gene
TALENs are described as artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double-stranded DNA, thereby interrupting expression of a target gene.
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double stranded DNA, thus interrupting the expression of any given target gene
TALENs are described as artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double-stranded DNA, thereby interrupting expression of a target gene.
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double stranded DNA, thus interrupting the expression of any given target gene
TALENs are described as artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double-stranded DNA, thereby interrupting expression of a target gene.
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are artificial systems that can be designed and constructed relatively quickly to bind practically anywhere in the genome and cleave double stranded DNA, thus interrupting the expression of any given target gene
The abstract states that CRISPR/Cas9 has effectiveness at cleaving genomic DNA in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo, exhibits specificity, and is relatively easy to construct in targeted forms.
Its effectiveness at cleaving genomic DNA in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo [2, 3], the specificity that this system exhibits [4, 5] and the relative ease with which targeted systems can be constructed
CRISPR/Cas technology has seen substantial recent progress, including technical improvements and wide application in many model systems.
In the last few years, substantial progress has been made in CRISPR/Cas technology, including technical improvements and wide application in many model systems.
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
Approval Evidence
7 sources10 linked approval claimsfirst-pass slug zinc-finger-nucleases
Several technologies support these advances, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems
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Moreover, latest developments in nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), TALENs (transcription-activator-like effector nucleases) are discussed.
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The earliest methods of genome editing, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), utilize customizable DNA-binding motifs to target the genome at specific loci.
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programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs)
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Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases... have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
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Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
Source:
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs)
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comparative utilitysupports
ZFN and TALEN provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity but their broad utility was limited by laborious nuclease design and synthesis, limited target choices, and poor editing efficiency.
While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
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application scopesupports
Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are described as providing methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
Recent advances in genome editing tools, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases and the ... CRISPR/Cas9 system, have provided methods for gene knockout in sea urchins.
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comparative property summarysupports
The biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences targeting potential, off-target cleavage spectrum, ease of use, and the types of recombination events produced at targeted double-strand breaks.
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
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mechanistic summarysupports
Targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined genomic locations greatly enhances DNA repair event rates relative to uncatalyzed events at the same sites.
By targeting double-strand breaks to user-defined locations, the rates of DNA repair events are greatly enhanced relative to un-catalyzed events at the same sites.
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review scope statementsupports
The review focuses on diversity of nuclease domains for genome editing and on biochemical properties and applications best suited to each domain.
Here, we focus on the diversity of nuclease domains available for genome editing, highlighting biochemical properties and the potential applications that are best suited to each domain.
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review summarysupports
Programmable site-specific nucleases including ZFNs, TALENs, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated proteins have enabled and accelerated genome editing.
Breakthroughs in the development of programmable site-specific nucleases, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases (MNs), and most recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated proteins (including Cas9) have greatly enabled and accelerated genome editing.
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scope limitationsupports
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
No single genome-editing nuclease is optimized for all possible applications.
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broad capability summarysupports
ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas are molecular tools for DNA manipulation that have revolutionized genome editing.
Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing.
Source:
review scope summarysupports
This review focuses on four common gene-therapy-related modalities used to alter gene expression: siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs, and CRISPR/Cas9.
Within this review we focus on 4 of the more common forms of gene therapy utilised to alter gene expression; siRNAs, TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9.
Source:
therapeutic potential summarysupports
These genome editing approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to treat heritable diseases.
These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases.
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Comparisons
Source-stated alternatives
The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
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The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
Source-backed strengths
The evidence supports that ZFNs are programmable and site-specific, with customizable DNA-binding motifs that can be directed to chosen loci. They are also established enough to be described as among the earliest genome-editing methods and have been applied in at least one model system for gene knockout.
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The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many.
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While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems.
Source:
However, the underlying biology of each genome-editing nuclease influences the targeting potential, the spectrum of off-target cleavages, the ease-of-use, and the types of recombination events at targeted double-strand breaks.
Source:
Its effectiveness at cleaving genomic DNA in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo [2, 3], the specificity that this system exhibits [4, 5] and the relative ease with which targeted systems can be constructed
Compared with CRISPR/Cas9
The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
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The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
Compared with CRISPR/Cas9 system
The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Source:
The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
Compared with transcription activator-like effector nucleases
The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
Shared frame: source-stated alternative in extracted literature
Source:
The abstract contrasts ZFNs with TALENs and CRISPR-based systems.
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