chemogenetics

Calcium imaging is used to identify depression-related cell types and neural circuits.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics enable precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits for investigating cellular mechanisms underlying depression.

These techniques enable the precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits, allowing researchers to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying depression.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics enable precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits for investigating cellular mechanisms underlying depression.

The review comparatively analyzes biophysical, genetic, and biological neuromodulation approaches with emphasis on molecular targets and translational potential.

The reviewed neuromodulation methods were assessed based on specificity, safety, reversibility, and mechanistic clarity.

A critical gap in commonly used neuromodulation methods is incomplete mechanistic understanding, and identifying molecular targets may improve therapeutic precision.

The review describes sonogenetics and odourgenetics as current research directions developed based on optogenetics and chemogenetics.

Botulinum neurotoxins provide long-lasting yet reversible inhibition through well-characterized molecular pathways but require stereotaxic injections and remain invasive.

Biophysical neuromodulation methods are widely used in clinical practice but often rely on empirical outcomes because their molecular targets are undefined.

Calcium imaging primarily uses genetically encoded calcium indicators or synthetic fluorescent dyes to detect physiologically relevant calcium dynamics.

The review summarizes integration of calcium indicators with behavioral paradigms, electrophysiology, optogenetics, and chemogenetics to elucidate cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying depression.

Genetic neuromodulation tools offer cell-type precision in experimental systems but face translational barriers related to delivery and safety.

Sonogenetics and odourgenetics are described as developed based on optogenetics and chemogenetics.

describes the current state of research on sonogenetics and odourgenetics developed based on optogenetics and chemogenetics

Advances in optogenetics and chemogenetics have significantly contributed to understanding neural circuits involved in depression.

The advancement in these techniques has significantly contributed to the understanding of the neural circuits involved in depression

Advances in optogenetics and chemogenetics have significantly contributed to understanding neural circuits involved in depression.

Calcium imaging is a pivotal technique for monitoring neuronal and glial activity in neuroscience research.

The review covers applications of optogenetics and chemogenetics in depression-related rodent brain regions including the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral habenula.

This review primarily focuses on the application of optogenetics and chemogenetics in several brain regions closely associated with depressive-like behaviors in rodent models, such as the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral habenula

Spatial transcriptomics, single-nucleus RNA sequencing, chemogenetics, and optogenetics are described as transformative tools for mapping and manipulating VOR-expressing circuits.

Synthesized calcium-imaging findings are presented as establishing a framework for developing precision-targeted antidepressant interventions.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics have provided theoretical support for the development of novel antidepressants.

Additionally, these techniques have provided theoretical support for the development of novel antidepressants.

When combined with other emerging technologies, optogenetics and chemogenetics provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for clinical treatment of depression.

When combined with other emerging technologies, optogenetics and chemogenetics provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for the clinical treatment of depression.

when combined with other emerging technologies, they provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for the clinical treatment of depression.

Gene-therapy modalities including ASOs, RNAi, CRISPR, and virus-based delivery systems have played crucial roles in discovering and validating new pain targets.

The review covers ASOs, siRNAs, optogenetics, chemogenetics, CRISPR, and their delivery methods targeting primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells including glia and chondrocytes.

Although gene therapy-based clinical trials have increased, trials focused on pain as the primary outcome remain uncommon.

Advanced diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases, including COVID-19-associated disease, are discussed with a focus on the role of inflammation in cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias.

First, we discuss the emerging clinical relevance of advanced diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases, including those associated with COVID-19-with a focus on the role of inflammation in cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias.

The review emphasizes that emotional stress acting through defined brain regions strongly influences viral and cardiovascular disorders.

This latter line of investigation emphasizes the strength of influence of emotional stress-acting through defined brain regions-upon viral and cardiovascular disorders.

The review states that newly identified immunological interactions at organ and system levels affect cardiovascular pathogenesis, including intestinal-system influences moving toward therapeutic exploitation.

Second, we consider newly identified immunological interactions at organ and system levels which affect cardiovascular pathogenesis. Thus, studies into immune influences arising from the intestinal system are moving towards therapeutic exploitation.

The review focuses on selected cardiovascular immunology studies that use advanced molecular-genetic methods including genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping, variant scanning, optogenetics, and chemogenetics.

Here, we specifically focus on selected studies taking advantage of advanced state-of-the-art molecular genetic methods ranging from genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping and variant scanning to optogenetics and chemogenetics.

Powerful new research tools have enabled novel insight into brain-immune system interactions at unprecedented resolution.

Further, powerful new research tools have enabled novel insight into brain-immune system interactions at unprecedented resolution.

The reviewed literature uses chemogenetic, optogenetic, genetic manipulation, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and immunohistochemistry approaches to investigate the role of specific cell subtypes in the stress response.

many studies have used state-of-the-art tools such as chemogenetic, optogenetic, genetic manipulation, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of specific cell subtypes in the stress response

Several challenges remain before the full impact of these new findings reaches the clinical arena.

Several challenges need to be overcome before the full impact of these far-reaching new findings will hit the clinical arena.

In vivo cell-type-specific activation of caudal glutamatergic PPN neurons restores or normalizes severe locomotor deficits in two mouse models of parkinsonism caused by acute pharmacological blockade of dopamine transmission.

Here, we use in vivo cell-type specific PPN activation to restore motor function in two mouse models of parkinsonism made by acute pharmacological blockage of dopamine transmission. With a combination of chemo- and opto-genetics, we show that excitation of caudal glutamatergic PPN neurons can normalize the otherwise severe locomotor deficit in PD

Chemogenetics is presented as an alternative to conventional genetic engineering or chemical ligands for controlling receptor functions in cells.

Conventionally, genetic engineering or chemical ligands have been used to control receptor functions in cells. As the alternative, chemogenetics has been proposed

Chemogenetics is presented as an alternative to conventional genetic engineering or chemical ligands for controlling receptor functions in cells.

Conventionally, genetic engineering or chemical ligands have been used to control receptor functions in cells. As the alternative, chemogenetics has been proposed

Chemogenetics is presented as an alternative to conventional genetic engineering or chemical ligands for controlling receptor functions in cells.

Conventionally, genetic engineering or chemical ligands have been used to control receptor functions in cells. As the alternative, chemogenetics has been proposed

Chemogenetics is presented as an alternative to conventional genetic engineering or chemical ligands for controlling receptor functions in cells.

Conventionally, genetic engineering or chemical ligands have been used to control receptor functions in cells. As the alternative, chemogenetics has been proposed

Chemogenetics is presented as an alternative to conventional genetic engineering or chemical ligands for controlling receptor functions in cells.

Conventionally, genetic engineering or chemical ligands have been used to control receptor functions in cells. As the alternative, chemogenetics has been proposed

Chemogenetics is presented as an alternative to conventional genetic engineering or chemical ligands for controlling receptor functions in cells.

Conventionally, genetic engineering or chemical ligands have been used to control receptor functions in cells. As the alternative, chemogenetics has been proposed

Chemogenetics is presented as an alternative to conventional genetic engineering or chemical ligands for controlling receptor functions in cells.

Conventionally, genetic engineering or chemical ligands have been used to control receptor functions in cells. As the alternative, chemogenetics has been proposed

These molecular approaches are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience focused on how spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits, brain networks, brain states, and behavior.

These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.

These molecular approaches are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience focused on how spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits, brain networks, brain states, and behavior.

These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.

These molecular approaches are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience focused on how spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits, brain networks, brain states, and behavior.

These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.

These molecular approaches are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience focused on how spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits, brain networks, brain states, and behavior.

These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.

These molecular approaches are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience focused on how spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits, brain networks, brain states, and behavior.

These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.

These molecular approaches are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience focused on how spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits, brain networks, brain states, and behavior.

These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.

These molecular approaches are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience focused on how spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits, brain networks, brain states, and behavior.

These molecular approaches, with the specificity and temporal resolution appropriate for systems studies, promise to infuse the field with novel ideas, emphases and directions, and are motivating the emergence of a molecularly oriented systems neuroscience, a new discipline that studies how the spatial and temporal patterns of molecular systems modulate circuits and brain networks, and consequently shape the properties of brain states and behavior.

Designing multimodal experiments that apply these tools within fMRI studies involves challenges and experimental choices.

Systems neuroscience has recently incorporated approaches for manipulating and imaging neurons, neurocircuits, and their inputs and outputs, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, two-photon imaging, and head mounted fluorescent microscopes.

More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs.

Systems neuroscience has recently incorporated approaches for manipulating and imaging neurons, neurocircuits, and their inputs and outputs, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, two-photon imaging, and head mounted fluorescent microscopes.

More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs.

Systems neuroscience has recently incorporated approaches for manipulating and imaging neurons, neurocircuits, and their inputs and outputs, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, two-photon imaging, and head mounted fluorescent microscopes.

More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs.

Systems neuroscience has recently incorporated approaches for manipulating and imaging neurons, neurocircuits, and their inputs and outputs, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, two-photon imaging, and head mounted fluorescent microscopes.

More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs.

Systems neuroscience has recently incorporated approaches for manipulating and imaging neurons, neurocircuits, and their inputs and outputs, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, two-photon imaging, and head mounted fluorescent microscopes.

More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs.

Systems neuroscience has recently incorporated approaches for manipulating and imaging neurons, neurocircuits, and their inputs and outputs, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, two-photon imaging, and head mounted fluorescent microscopes.

More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs.

Systems neuroscience has recently incorporated approaches for manipulating and imaging neurons, neurocircuits, and their inputs and outputs, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, two-photon imaging, and head mounted fluorescent microscopes.

More recently, systems neuroscience has received an infusion of approaches and techniques that allow the manipulation (e.g., optogenetics, chemogenetics) and imaging (e.g., two-photon imaging, head mounted fluorescent microscopes) of neurons, neurocircuits, their inputs and outputs.

Some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Notably, some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal the receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Notably, some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal the receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Notably, some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal the receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Notably, some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal the receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Notably, some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal the receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Notably, some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal the receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

Notably, some chemogenetic strategies have been used to reveal the receptor signaling of target cells in living animals.

In chemogenetics, target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity.

chemogenetics has been proposed, in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity

In chemogenetics, target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity.

chemogenetics has been proposed, in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity

In chemogenetics, target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity.

chemogenetics has been proposed, in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity

In chemogenetics, target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity.

chemogenetics has been proposed, in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity

In chemogenetics, target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity.

chemogenetics has been proposed, in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity

In chemogenetics, target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity.

chemogenetics has been proposed, in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity

In chemogenetics, target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity.

chemogenetics has been proposed, in which target proteins are genetically engineered to interact with a designed chemical partner with high selectivity

Optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit-based approaches allow direct examination of hypotheses drawn from existing psychological concepts.

allowing direct examination of hypotheses drawn from existing psychological concepts

The review covers novel approaches that allow manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells, cell ensembles, and brain regions.

Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions.

The review covers novel approaches that allow manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells, cell ensembles, and brain regions.

Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions.

The review covers novel approaches that allow manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells, cell ensembles, and brain regions.

Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions.

The review covers novel approaches that allow manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells, cell ensembles, and brain regions.

Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions.

The review covers novel approaches that allow manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells, cell ensembles, and brain regions.

Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions.

The review covers novel approaches that allow manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells, cell ensembles, and brain regions.

Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions.

The review covers novel approaches that allow manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells, cell ensembles, and brain regions.

Here, we will review novel approaches that allow the manipulation and imaging of specific molecular mechanisms in specific cells (not just neurons), cell ensembles and brain regions.

Functionally precise mapping of the mammalian brain requires tracing neural circuits, monitoring their activity patterns, and manipulating their activity to infer function.

Multimodal neuroimaging that combines fMRI with calcium imaging, optogenetics, electrophysiology, or chemogenetics offers an opportunity to better understand brain function.

The review synthesizes evidence that newly developed genetic and viral tools together with optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques have enabled more detailed circuit-level analysis of anxiety and fear.

Newly developed genetic and viral tools and optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques have revealed the intricacies of neural circuits underlying anxiety and fear

Calcium indicators, voltage indicators, and neurotransmitter or neuropeptide biosensors are being used to investigate circuit architecture and function.

Engineered receptors can be used to dissect the function of one receptor member within a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

The engineered receptor dissects the function of one receptor member among a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

Engineered receptors can be used to dissect the function of one receptor member within a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

The engineered receptor dissects the function of one receptor member among a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

Engineered receptors can be used to dissect the function of one receptor member within a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

The engineered receptor dissects the function of one receptor member among a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

Engineered receptors can be used to dissect the function of one receptor member within a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

The engineered receptor dissects the function of one receptor member among a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

Engineered receptors can be used to dissect the function of one receptor member within a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

The engineered receptor dissects the function of one receptor member among a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

Engineered receptors can be used to dissect the function of one receptor member within a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

The engineered receptor dissects the function of one receptor member among a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

Engineered receptors can be used to dissect the function of one receptor member within a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

The engineered receptor dissects the function of one receptor member among a highly homologous receptor family in a cell-specific manner.

Genetically targeted cellular ablation, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and over-expression of ion channels are methods for acute or chronic manipulation of neural activity.

Conventional microtubule-targeting agents are insufficient to dissect dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations because their effects are slow and act on the entire microtubule pool in cells.

MT-targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific MT populations due to their slow effects on the entire pool of MTs in cells

Conventional microtubule-targeting agents are insufficient to dissect dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations because their effects are slow and act on the entire microtubule pool in cells.

MT-targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific MT populations due to their slow effects on the entire pool of MTs in cells

Conventional microtubule-targeting agents are insufficient to dissect dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations because their effects are slow and act on the entire microtubule pool in cells.

MT-targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific MT populations due to their slow effects on the entire pool of MTs in cells

Conventional microtubule-targeting agents are insufficient to dissect dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations because their effects are slow and act on the entire microtubule pool in cells.

MT-targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific MT populations due to their slow effects on the entire pool of MTs in cells

Conventional microtubule-targeting agents are insufficient to dissect dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations because their effects are slow and act on the entire microtubule pool in cells.

MT-targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific MT populations due to their slow effects on the entire pool of MTs in cells

Conventional microtubule-targeting agents are insufficient to dissect dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations because their effects are slow and act on the entire microtubule pool in cells.

MT-targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific MT populations due to their slow effects on the entire pool of MTs in cells

Conventional microtubule-targeting agents are insufficient to dissect dynamic mechanisms of specific microtubule populations because their effects are slow and act on the entire microtubule pool in cells.

MT-targeting agents, which, however, are insufficient to dissect the dynamic mechanisms of specific MT populations due to their slow effects on the entire pool of MTs in cells

Chemogenetic and optogenetic recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes can disassemble specific microtubule subtypes.

we have used chemogenetics and optogenetics to disassemble specific MT subtypes by rapid recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes

Chemogenetic and optogenetic recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes can disassemble specific microtubule subtypes.

we have used chemogenetics and optogenetics to disassemble specific MT subtypes by rapid recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes

Chemogenetic and optogenetic recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes can disassemble specific microtubule subtypes.

we have used chemogenetics and optogenetics to disassemble specific MT subtypes by rapid recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes

Chemogenetic and optogenetic recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes can disassemble specific microtubule subtypes.

we have used chemogenetics and optogenetics to disassemble specific MT subtypes by rapid recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes

Chemogenetic and optogenetic recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes can disassemble specific microtubule subtypes.

we have used chemogenetics and optogenetics to disassemble specific MT subtypes by rapid recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes

Chemogenetic and optogenetic recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes can disassemble specific microtubule subtypes.

we have used chemogenetics and optogenetics to disassemble specific MT subtypes by rapid recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes

Chemogenetic and optogenetic recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes can disassemble specific microtubule subtypes.

we have used chemogenetics and optogenetics to disassemble specific MT subtypes by rapid recruitment of engineered MT-cleaving enzymes

Creating gene vectors tailored for different situations is key to expanding gene therapy for epilepsy.

Optogenetics, chemogenetics, and genome-editing tools are emerging approaches that may further advance epilepsy gene therapy.

Acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute MT disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute MT disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute MT disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute MT disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute MT disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute MT disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute microtubule disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Acute MT disassembly swiftly halted vesicular trafficking and lysosome dynamics.

Transcriptome analysis has expanded understanding of genetic control behind long-term memory beyond more specific candidate screens.

From screenings of more or less specific candidates to broader studies based on transcriptome analysis, our understanding of the genetic control behind LTM has expanded exponentially in the past years.

Chemogenetics, thermogenetics, and optogenetics are described as technical approaches enabling precise control of gene expression and neural manipulation in Drosophila.

This is possible thanks to sophisticated technical approaches that enable precise control of gene expression in the fruit fly as well as neural manipulation, like chemogenetics, thermogenetics, or optogenetics.

Strategies including inhibitory neuropeptide overexpression and modulation of neurotransmitter or ion-channel expression have been tested in animal models of epilepsy.

The induced effects were rapidly reversible by inhibiting cleaving-enzyme activity or microtubule association.

These effects were rapidly reversed by inhibiting the activity or MT association of the cleaving enzymes.

The induced effects were rapidly reversible by inhibiting cleaving-enzyme activity or microtubule association.

These effects were rapidly reversed by inhibiting the activity or MT association of the cleaving enzymes.

The induced effects were rapidly reversible by inhibiting cleaving-enzyme activity or microtubule association.

These effects were rapidly reversed by inhibiting the activity or MT association of the cleaving enzymes.

The induced effects were rapidly reversible by inhibiting cleaving-enzyme activity or microtubule association.

These effects were rapidly reversed by inhibiting the activity or MT association of the cleaving enzymes.

The induced effects were rapidly reversible by inhibiting cleaving-enzyme activity or microtubule association.

These effects were rapidly reversed by inhibiting the activity or MT association of the cleaving enzymes.

The induced effects were rapidly reversible by inhibiting cleaving-enzyme activity or microtubule association.

These effects were rapidly reversed by inhibiting the activity or MT association of the cleaving enzymes.

The induced effects were rapidly reversible by inhibiting cleaving-enzyme activity or microtubule association.

These effects were rapidly reversed by inhibiting the activity or MT association of the cleaving enzymes.

The approach was used to disassemble tyrosinated microtubules and microtubule-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

We also used this approach to disassemble MTs specifically modified by tyrosination and several MT-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

The approach was used to disassemble tyrosinated microtubules and microtubule-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

We also used this approach to disassemble MTs specifically modified by tyrosination and several MT-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

The approach was used to disassemble tyrosinated microtubules and microtubule-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

We also used this approach to disassemble MTs specifically modified by tyrosination and several MT-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

The approach was used to disassemble tyrosinated microtubules and microtubule-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

We also used this approach to disassemble MTs specifically modified by tyrosination and several MT-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

The approach was used to disassemble tyrosinated microtubules and microtubule-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

We also used this approach to disassemble MTs specifically modified by tyrosination and several MT-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

The approach was used to disassemble tyrosinated microtubules and microtubule-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

We also used this approach to disassemble MTs specifically modified by tyrosination and several MT-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

The approach was used to disassemble tyrosinated microtubules and microtubule-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

We also used this approach to disassemble MTs specifically modified by tyrosination and several MT-based structures including primary cilia, mitotic spindles, and intercellular bridges.

Understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of stress-related neurocircuits is framed as critical for discovering novel therapeutic strategies for stress-induced mental disorders.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics are described as powerful tools that have accelerated progress in revealing critical neural circuits regulating the pathogenesis of stress-induced disorders.

Optogenetics, chemogenetics, and imaging tools are used for functional dissection of sub-neocortical brain circuits in rodent pain models.

Chemogenetic and optogenetic methods provide powerful tools to study how grafted neurons affect host brain function.

Early rodent studies reported that neuroblasts from striatal primordia or fetal ventral mesencephalon could integrate anatomically and functionally into lesioned striatal and nigral circuitry, establish host connections, and reverse lesion-induced behavioral impairments.

Recent progress indicates that pluripotent stem cell-derived striatal and nigral progenitors can survive and mature in lesioned brain and re-establish afferent and efferent axonal connectivity with notable specificity.

Successful repair of brain circuitry by new neurons depends on their ability to re-establish afferent and efferent connections with the host.

Patience and cognitive flexibility appear sensitive to fluctuations in 5-HT neuronal excitability.

Domains that appear sensitive to fluctuations in 5-HT neuronal excitability include patience and cognitive flexibility.

Application of optogenetics and chemogenetics to sleep and circadian research has unveiled neuronal populations involved in sleep-wake control and enabled interrogation of the coordinating circuitry.

Application of these techniques to sleep and circadian research has resulted in the unveiling of several neuronal populations that are involved in sleep-wake control, and allowed a comprehensive interrogation of the circuitry through which these nodes are coordinated to orchestrate the sleep-wake cycle.

Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulation of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons indicates that serotonin has a greater impact on executive function than previously appreciated.

Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons reveal that serotonin has a greater impact on executive function than previously appreciated.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics allow specific activation or inhibition of targeted neuronal subpopulations.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics are powerful tools, allowing the specific activation or inhibition of targeted neuronal subpopulations.

Development of chemogenetics as a therapeutic strategy is underway and may enable more focused and less invasive therapies for sleep-wake disorders and related comorbidities.

Intriguingly, the development of chemogenetics as a therapeutic strategy is now well underway and such an approach has the capacity to lead to more focused and less invasive therapies for treating sleep-wake disorders and related comorbidities.

Chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations of ventral tegmental area dopamine or GABA neurons establish a causal link to heroin reinforcement.

Chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations of VTA DA or GABA neurons establish a causal link to heroin reinforcement.

Inhibition of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons blocks heroin self-administration.

Inhibition of DA neurons blocked heroin self-administration

Optogenetics, chemogenetics, and genome-editing technology were presented as potential future gene-therapy modalities for Parkinson's disease.

Heroin activates dopamine neurons in the medial ventral tegmental area that preferentially project to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens.

Here, we monitor genetically encoded DA and calcium indicators as well as cFos in mice to reveal that heroin activates DA neurons located in the medial part of the VTA, preferentially projecting to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc).

This review covers the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit interrogation in animal models of depression.

This review covers the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit interrogation in animal models of depression.

This review covers the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit interrogation in animal models of depression.

This review covers the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit interrogation in animal models of depression.

This review covers the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit interrogation in animal models of depression.

This review covers the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic circuit interrogation in animal models of depression.

Recent advances in optical imaging, optogenetics, and chemogenetics have made it feasible to record and alter neuronal activity with single neuron resolution and genetically directed targeting.

Recent advances in optical imaging, optogenetics, and chemogenetics have made it feasible to record and alter neuronal activity with single neuron resolution and genetically directed targeting.

The review proposes a translational pathway by which mechanistic studies using these research tools could result in novel clinical therapies.

The goal of this review it to summarize the usage of these research tools in the study of ictogenesis (seizure generation) and propose a translational pathway by which these studies could result in novel clinical therapies.

The review discusses applications of optogenetics and chemogenetics to epilepsy and compares their strengths and weaknesses for preclinical and translational applications.

In this review, examples of the application of optogenetics and chemogenetics to epilepsy are raised, the comparative strengths and weaknesses of these approaches are discussed for both preclinical and translational applications...

Genetically modified viral vectors broaden the ability to express genes of interest and support inducible manipulations in neural systems.

Optogenetic and chemogenetic tools have enabled previously impossible levels of functional circuit mapping in neuroscience.

Over the past decade, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools have enabled previously impossible levels of functional circuit mapping in neuroscience.

Chemogenetics can be activated via a systemic drug without indwelling fiber optics and acts in a more naturalistic modulatory fashion through second-messenger pathways than optogenetics.

Understanding seizure-circuit architecture at local microcircuit and distributed macrocircuit levels may provide new therapeutic avenues for epilepsy.

Understanding the network architecture at the level of both local microcircuits and distributed macrocircuits may provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of epilepsy.

Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches allow mechanistic, temporally specific, cell-type-specific, and circuit-specific neural regulation of behaviors.

Optogenetic and chemogenetic methods are discussed as approaches for causal interrogation or suppression of pain circuits.

Single-cell RNA-seq is discussed as a method for classifying nociceptor and somatosensory neuron types and for studying injury responses relevant to neuropathic pain.

This review covers mechanistic advances in nociception and neuropathic pain enabled by optogenetics, RNA-sequencing, animal models, and human genetics.

Past difficulty manipulating astrocytes in a cell type-specific and non-invasive manner contributed to controversies in the field.

DREADD technology is presented as the most robust model of chemogenetics.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics are advanced tools that may further illuminate the role of astrocytes in memory processes.

Optogenetics and chemogenetics enable precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits for investigating cellular mechanisms underlying depression.

These techniques enable the precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits, allowing researchers to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying depression.

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

Optogenetics and chemogenetics enable precise control of specific neuronal types and neural circuits for investigating cellular mechanisms underlying depression.

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

The review comparatively analyzes biophysical, genetic, and biological neuromodulation approaches with emphasis on molecular targets and translational potential.

Source: Focused Modulation of Brain Activity: A Narrative Review.

The reviewed neuromodulation methods were assessed based on specificity, safety, reversibility, and mechanistic clarity.

Source: Focused Modulation of Brain Activity: A Narrative Review.

A critical gap in commonly used neuromodulation methods is incomplete mechanistic understanding, and identifying molecular targets may improve therapeutic precision.

Source: Focused Modulation of Brain Activity: A Narrative Review.

The review summarizes integration of calcium indicators with behavioral paradigms, electrophysiology, optogenetics, and chemogenetics to elucidate cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying depression.

Source: Calcium imaging: Unraveling the neurobiological mechanisms of depression across cellular and circuit dimensions

Genetic neuromodulation tools offer cell-type precision in experimental systems but face translational barriers related to delivery and safety.

Source: Focused Modulation of Brain Activity: A Narrative Review.

Sonogenetics and odourgenetics are described as developed based on optogenetics and chemogenetics.

describes the current state of research on sonogenetics and odourgenetics developed based on optogenetics and chemogenetics

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

Advances in optogenetics and chemogenetics have significantly contributed to understanding neural circuits involved in depression.

The advancement in these techniques has significantly contributed to the understanding of the neural circuits involved in depression

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

Advances in optogenetics and chemogenetics have significantly contributed to understanding neural circuits involved in depression.

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

The review covers applications of optogenetics and chemogenetics in depression-related rodent brain regions including the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral habenula.

This review primarily focuses on the application of optogenetics and chemogenetics in several brain regions closely associated with depressive-like behaviors in rodent models, such as the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral habenula

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

Spatial transcriptomics, single-nucleus RNA sequencing, chemogenetics, and optogenetics are described as transformative tools for mapping and manipulating VOR-expressing circuits.

Source: Vagal Oxytocin Receptors as Molecular Targets in Gut–Brain Signaling: Implications for Appetite, Satiety, Obesity, and Esophageal Motility—A Narrative Review

Optogenetics and chemogenetics have provided theoretical support for the development of novel antidepressants.

Additionally, these techniques have provided theoretical support for the development of novel antidepressants.

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

When combined with other emerging technologies, optogenetics and chemogenetics provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for clinical treatment of depression.

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

When combined with other emerging technologies, optogenetics and chemogenetics provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for the clinical treatment of depression.

when combined with other emerging technologies, they provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for the clinical treatment of depression.

Source: Optogenetics and chemogenetics: key tools for modulating neural circuits in rodent models of depression

The review covers ASOs, siRNAs, optogenetics, chemogenetics, CRISPR, and their delivery methods targeting primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells including glia and chondrocytes.

Source: Gene therapy for chronic pain management

Although gene therapy-based clinical trials have increased, trials focused on pain as the primary outcome remain uncommon.

Source: Gene therapy for chronic pain management

The review emphasizes that emotional stress acting through defined brain regions strongly influences viral and cardiovascular disorders.

This latter line of investigation emphasizes the strength of influence of emotional stress-acting through defined brain regions-upon viral and cardiovascular disorders.

Source: Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Diseases—Identification of Novel Molecular Players and Targets

The review states that newly identified immunological interactions at organ and system levels affect cardiovascular pathogenesis, including intestinal-system influences moving toward therapeutic exploitation.

Second, we consider newly identified immunological interactions at organ and system levels which affect cardiovascular pathogenesis. Thus, studies into immune influences arising from the intestinal system are moving towards therapeutic exploitation.

Source: Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Diseases—Identification of Novel Molecular Players and Targets

The review focuses on selected cardiovascular immunology studies that use advanced molecular-genetic methods including genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping, variant scanning, optogenetics, and chemogenetics.

Here, we specifically focus on selected studies taking advantage of advanced state-of-the-art molecular genetic methods ranging from genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping and variant scanning to optogenetics and chemogenetics.

Source: Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Diseases—Identification of Novel Molecular Players and Targets